turanВестник университета «Туран»Bulletin of "Turan" University1562-29592959-1236Университет «Туран»10.46914/1562-2959-2023-1-1-349-361turan-3249Research ArticleОБРАЗОВАНИЕ И ОБУЧЕНИЕ: МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ, ТЕОРИЯ, ТЕХНОЛОГИЯEDUCATION AND TRAINING: METHODOLOGY, THEORY, TECHNOLOGYТрудоустройство выпускников STEM в казахстане: текущая ситуацияEmployment of STEM graduates in Kazakhstan: current situationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-6668ДмитриенкоА. С.DmitrienkoA. S.

Докторант.

Астана

PhD student.

Astana

aleksandr.dmitrienko@nu.edu.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9719-0220КужабековаА. С.KuzhabekovaA. S.

PhD, ассоциированный профессор.

Астана

PhD, associate professor.

Astana

aliya.kuzhabekova@nu.edu.kzНазарбаев УниверситетКазахстанNazarbayev UniversityKazakhstan20230204202301349361Copyright © Дмитриенко А.С., Кужабекова А.С., 20232023Дмитриенко А.С., Кужабекова А.С.Dmitrienko A.S., Kuzhabekova A.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.turan-edu.kz/jour/article/view/3249

В работе анализируется текущая ситуация, наблюдаемая в сфере трудоустройства выпускников вузов Казахстана, освоивших образовательные программы высшего и послевузовского образования по профилям STEM-сегмента (наука, технологии, инженерия и математика) по состоянию на 2021 год. Цель данного исследования – смоделировать траектории выпускников STEM-программ непосредственно после окончания вуза и оценить масштабы кадровых потоков в контексте национального рынка труда Казахстана. Для целей статьи используются официальные статистические данные Бюро национальной статистики по рынку труда и результатам деятельности вузов, а также вторичные источники литературы, характеризующие отдельные аспекты интеграции выпускников в начале карьеры. Результаты анализа продемонстрировали, что большинство STEM-выпускников в Казахстане по окончании вуза трудоустраиваются на места, не связанные со STEM-профилем. При этом у подавляющего большинства тех, кто после вуза устраивается на позиции, связанные со STEM-профилем, работа напрямую не связана с профилем полученного образования. Установлено, что ежегодный набор в STEM-сегмент рынка труда потенциально может затрагивать лишь менее половины выпускников STEM-программ как уровня бакалавриата, так и уровней магистратуры и PhD. Использование статистических данных в связке с результатами предыдущих качественных исследований позволило оценить предпосылки выпускников, фокусирующихся на эффективном использовании полученных навыков на рынке труда. Отмечается наличие диспропорций, связанных с численностью выпускников STEM, их стремлением начинать карьеру в сферах STEM и практикой найма работодателей. Предлагаются дальнейшие траектории эмпирических исследований в сфере подготовки STEM-специалистов и их дальнейшего трудоустройства с учетом имеющихся ограничений в наборах данных.

The paper analyses the current situation in sphere of STEM graduates’ employment in Kazakhstan who obtained higher and postgraduate education with the STEM profile (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) in 2021. The aim of this study is to model the trajectories of STEM graduates directly after their graduation and assess the proportions of labor flows in the context of the national labor market of Kazakhstan. For the research, official statistics from the Bureau of National Statistics on the labor market and universities performance are used. The results of the analysis show that the majority of STEM graduates in Kazakhstan directly after graduation is employed with no connection to the STEM profile of activity. At the same time, for the vast majority of those who get a job related to the STEM profile after graduation, the job is not directly related to the profile of the received education. It has been found that annual enrollment in the STEM segment of the labor market can potentially affect only less than half of the graduates of STEM programs at both undergraduate, graduate, and PhD levels. Statistical data in conjunction with the results of previous qualitative studies made it possible to assess the prerequisites of graduates who focus on the effective use of acquired skills in the labor market. There are disparities associated with the number of STEM graduates, their desire to start a career in STEM fields and the employers’ practice of hiring. Further trajectories of empirical research in STEM training and further employment are suggested, taking into account the limitations of the data sets.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.