turanВестник университета «Туран»Bulletin of "Turan" University1562-29592959-1236Университет «Туран»10.46914/1562-2959-2025-1-2-503-515turan-4714Research ArticleОБРАЗОВАНИЕ И ОБУЧЕНИЕ: МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ, ТЕОРИЯ, ТЕХНОЛОГИЯEDUCATION AND TRAINING: METHODOLOGY, THEORY, TECHNOLOGYВлияние уровня образования на карьерные возможности мужчин и женщин в КазахстанеEducation level impact on career opportunities of men and women in Kazakhstanhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3412-3706КенжеалиЕ. А.KenzhealiY. A.

докторант.

Алматы

PhD student.

Almaty

y.kenzheali@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6055-6217АйнакулА. Н.AinakulA. N.

PhD, ассоциированный профессор.

Алматы

PhD, associate professor.

Almaty

n.ainakul@turan-edu.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8735-667XНургалиеваК. О.NurgaliyevaK. O.

к.э.н., профессор.

Алматы

c.e.s., professor.

Almaty

nurgalieva.k@uib.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7559-0488КараксониП.KaracsonyP.

PhD, профессор.

Будапешт

PhD, professor.

Budapest

karacsony.peter@uni-obuda.huaУниверситет международного бизнеса имени К. СагадиеваКазахстанUniversity of International Business named after K. SagadievKazakhstanУниверситет «Туран»КазахстанTuran UniversityKazakhstanУниверситет ОбудаВенгрияÓbuda UniversityHungary20252906202502503515Copyright © Кенжеали Е.А., Айнакул А.Н., Нургалиева К.О., Караксони П., 20252025Кенжеали Е.А., Айнакул А.Н., Нургалиева К.О., Караксони П.Kenzheali Y.A., Ainakul A.N., Nurgaliyeva K.O., Karacsony P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.turan-edu.kz/jour/article/view/4714

Представлено детальное исследование тенденций рынка труда с 2012 по 2022 гг. в отношении участия в рабочей силе, занятости, самозанятости и роста заработной платы. С использованием методов описательной статистики и регрессионного анализа были исследованы следующие ключевые показатели: уровень наемной и самозанятости, гендерные разрывы, уровень безработицы для выявления системных тенденций и значимых корреляций. В итоге исследование показывает, что рабочая сила и наемная занятость продолжают устойчиво расти, в то время как самозанятость снижается из-за изменений в структурных предпочтениях рынка труда. Гендерное неравенство остается очевидным: женщины сталкиваются с относительно медленным ростом участия в рабочей силе в сочетании с умеренным улучшением возможностей трудоустройства. Регрессионный анализ выявляет, что переменные года и самозанятости оказывают значительное влияние на определение роста заработной платы, в то время как наемная занятость и гендерный фактор менее значимы. Уровень безработицы оказывается положительно коррелированным с изменениями в заработной плате, что может указывать на сглаживание изменений в заработной плате во время колебаний рынка труда. Исследование также отражает возможное влияние внешних факторов, таких как пандемия COVID-19, на структуры занятости и гендерные отношения. Эти выводы указывают на необходимость политических мер в отношении гендерного неравенства, поддержки предпринимательства и обеспечения равного доступа к возможностям на рынке труда. Данное исследование предоставляет ключевые рекомендации для устойчивого и инклюзивного экономического развития через призму долгосрочной трансформации условий рынка труда.

A detailed examination of the labor market trends from 2012 to 2022 in regard to labor force participation, employment, self-employment, and wage increase is presented. Using descriptive statistical techniques and regression, the following critical measures have been researched: hired and self-employment rate, gender gaps, unemployment rate in finding systemic trends, and significant correlations. It implies, finally, that labor force and hired employment keep improving steadily, while self-employment keeps falling due to changes in labor market structural preference. Gender inequality remains obvious with females suffering from their relatively slow labor force growth coupled with a rather moderate improvement of job opportunities. The regression analysis brings out that the year and selfemployment variables have a significant impact on determining wage growth, while hired employment and gender are not too significant. The unemployment rate turns out to be positively correlated with changes in wages, so it is possible that changes in wages have been smoothed over labor market fluctuations. This research also reflects on the possible impact of exogenous factors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, on employment structures and gender relationships. These findings expose the need for policy interventions on gender disparities, support for entrepreneurship, and equal access to labor market opportunities. This study gives some key recommendations toward sustainable and inclusive economic development through the light it casts on the long-term transformation in labor market conditions.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.