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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">turan</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник университета «Туран»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of "Turan" University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1562-2959</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2959-1236</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет «Туран»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46914/1562-2959-2025-1-4-98-112</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">turan-4996</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА: ИСТОРИЯ, ТЕОРИЯ, ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMY: HISTORY, THEORY, PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гендерное измерение человеческого капитала: женское предпринимательство как фактор инклюзивного роста</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gender dimension of human capital: women's entrepreneurship as a factor of inclusive growth</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бактымбет</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baktymbet</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.э.н., ассоциированный профессор.</p><p>Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>c.e.s., associate professor.</p><p>Astana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">assem.baktymbet@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3313-5417</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сериккызы</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Serikkyzy</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, ассоциированный профессор.</p><p>Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, associate professor.</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.serikkyzy@almau.edu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8446-4456</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бактымбет</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baktymbet</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.э.н., доцент.</p><p>Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, associate professor.</p><p>Astana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">saule_sbs@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахметова</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmetova</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с.</p><p>Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher.</p><p>Astana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arsia.pev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Казахский университет технологии и бизнеса<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kazakh University of Technology and Business<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Aлматы Менеджмент университет<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">ALMAU<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Академия политического менеджмента<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Academy of Political Management<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>98</fpage><lpage>112</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бактымбет А.С., Сериккызы А., Бактымбет С.С., Ахметова А.Б., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бактымбет А.С., Сериккызы А., Бактымбет С.С., Ахметова А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baktymbet A.S., Serikkyzy A., Baktymbet S.S., Akhmetova A.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.turan-edu.kz/jour/article/view/4996">https://vestnik.turan-edu.kz/jour/article/view/4996</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья исследует вклад женского предпринимательства в формирование человеческого капитала и инклюзивного роста Казахстана. Цель работы – оценить текущий ландшафт участия женщин в бизнесе, выявить регуляторные, институциональные и рыночные барьеры и предложить контекстно адаптированные меры стимулирования в условиях цифровизации и перехода к экономике знаний. Методологически исследование сочетает анализ гендерно-дезагрегированной национальной статистики и регуляторной базы с международными индексами, кейс-стади лучших практик и эмпирическими тестами ассоциаций между женским предпринимательством и показателями продуктивности и инноваций. Результаты фиксируют устойчивые гендерные разрывы в доступе к финансам и оплате труда, укоренившуюся секторальную сегрегацию и недопредставленность женщин в высокодоходных отраслях и средних/крупных фирмах при выраженной региональной неоднородности активности women-led МСП. Научная новизна заключается в интеграции гендерного подхода в теорию человеческого капитала и в формализацию причинно-следственного механизма. Этот механизм, прошедший количественную верификацию, демонстрирует, как женское предпринимательство, усиливая человеческий и социальный капитал (управленческие, финансовые, STEM/ ICT-компетенции, сети), повышает производительность, инновации и в итоге способствует инклюзивному экономическому росту. Практическая значимость выражена в комплексе рекомендаций: совершенствование гендерно-дезагрегированного мониторинга, целевые финансовые инструменты, гендерно-чувствительные закупки, расширение инкубации и акселерации, развитие STEM/ICT-навыков и инвестиции в инфраструктуру ухода. Интеграция этих рекомендаций в программы поддержки МСП, региональную политику и стратегии гендерного равенства укрепляет человеческий капитал и устойчивость долгосрочного роста. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при формировании политики устойчивого развития, программ поддержки МСП и стратегий гендерного равенства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article investigates the contribution of women’s entrepreneurship to human capital formation and inclusive growth in Kazakhstan. The purpose is to assess the current landscape of women’s participation in business, identify regulatory, institutional and market barriers, and propose context-adapted incentives under digitalization and the transition to a knowledge economy. Methodologically, the study combines analysis of gender-disaggregated national statistics and the regulatory framework with international indices, case studies of best practices, and empirical tests of associations between women’s entrepreneurship and metrics of productivity and innovation. The findings register persistent gender gaps in access to finance and wages, entrenched sectoral segregation, and the underrepresentation of women in high-value industries and in mediumand large-scale firms, alongside pronounced regional heterogeneity in the intensity of women-led MSME activity. The study’s originality lies in integrating a gender approach into human capital theory and in the formal specification of a causal mechanism. Quantitatively validated, this mechanism shows how women’s entrepreneurship -by strengthening human and social capital (managerial, financial, and STEM/ICT skills and professional networks)–raises productivity and innovation and ultimately fosters inclusive economic growth. The practical significance is presented as a set of recommendations: improving gender-disaggregated monitoring, deploying targeted financial instruments, embedding gender-responsive procurement, expanding incubation and acceleration, advancing STEM/ICT skills, and investing in care infrastructure. Integrating these recommendations into MSME support programs, regional policy and gender-equality strategies strengthens human capital and the resilience of long-term growth. The results can inform sustainable development policy, MSME support programs and gender-equality strategies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>человеческий капитал</kwd><kwd>гендерное равенство</kwd><kwd>женское предпринимательство</kwd><kwd>инклюзивный рост</kwd><kwd>образование</kwd><kwd>рынок труда</kwd><kwd>устойчивое развитие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>human capital</kwd><kwd>gender equality</kwd><kwd>women's entrepreneurship</kwd><kwd>inclusive growth</kwd><kwd>education</kwd><kwd>labor market</kwd><kwd>sustainable development</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено в рамках проекта ИРН AP19680201 «Оценка и разработка механизма развития человеческого капитала на основе различий социальных поколений в Республике Казахстан»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harrison R.T., Leitch C.M., McAdam M. 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