turanВестник университета «Туран»Bulletin of "Turan" University1562-29592959-1236Университет «Туран»10.46914/1562-2959-2026-1-1-447-463turan-5241Research ArticleТРИБУНА МОЛОДОГО ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЯPLATFORM OF YOUNG RESEARCHERДинамика развития и стратегии повышения финансовой инклюзии в развивающихся странахDynamics of development and strategies for increasing financial inclusion in developing countrieshttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-2967-4890БайгунаковаА. С.BaigunakovaA. S.

докторант 

г. Алматы 

PhD student 

Almaty 

aliyabaigunakova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2392-3030МаргацкаяГ. С.MargatskayaG. S.

к.э.н., профессор 

г. Алматы 

c.e.s., professor 

Almaty 

g.margatskaya@turan-edu.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6289-8264МаргацкийР. В.MargatskyiR. V.

к.э.н., ассоциированный профессор 

г. Алматы 

c.e.s., associate professor 

Almaty 

r.margatskiy@turan-edu.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3717-4664ПанфилП.PanfilP.

PhD, доцент 

г. Гданьск 

PhD, associate professor 

Gdansk 

przemyslaw.panfil@prawo.ug.edu.plУниверситет «Туран»КазахстанTuran UniversityKazakhstanГданьский университетПольшаGdansk UniversityPoland20262503202601447463Copyright © Байгунакова А.С., Маргацкая Г.С., Маргацкий Р.В., Панфил П., 20262026Байгунакова А.С., Маргацкая Г.С., Маргацкий Р.В., Панфил П.Baigunakova A.S., Margatskaya G.S., Margatskyi R.V., Panfil P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.turan-edu.kz/jour/article/view/5241

Финансовая инклюзия является ключевым фактором устойчивого экономического развития, особенно в условиях развивающихся стран, где доступ к финансовым услугам напрямую влияет на экономическое благосостояние населения. Данное исследование направлено на анализ динамики финансовой вовлеченности населения и выявление факторов, способствующих устойчивому росту ключевых показателей финансовой инклюзии. Основное внимание уделено четырем странам – Аргентине, Бразилии, Индии и Казахстану, которые демонстрируют стабильный рост по показателям охвата банковскими счетами, заимствований и депозитной активности за период 2014–2024 гг. Целью работы является выявление закономерностей расширения финансовой инклюзии, анализ успешных государственных и цифровых инициатив, а также оценка практических мер по улучшению финансового доступа для населения. Исследование основывается на данных Global Findex, отчетах национальных банков и официальных стратегиях финансовой доступности и грамотности, что позволяет оценить как количественные, так и качественные аспекты финансовой вовлеченности. Научная значимость работы заключается в систематизации и сравнительном анализе динамики финансовой инклюзии, выявлении факторов, влияющих на устойчивость роста, и определении роли цифровизации и институциональных реформ. Практическая ценность исследования проявляется в возможности адаптации успешных мер и инструментов в других развивающихся странах, включая Казахстан, для повышения уровня финансовой доступности. Результаты исследования демонстрируют, что наибольшая эффективность достигается при последовательной реализации комплексных мер, сочетающих институциональные реформы, цифровизацию финансовых сервисов и программы повышения финансовой грамотности. Итоги работы могут быть использованы для разработки национальных стратегий финансовой инклюзии и совершенствования финансовой инфраструктуры.

Financial inclusion is a key factor in sustainable economic development, especially in developing countries, where access to financial services directly impacts the economic well-being of the population. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of financial inclusion of the population and identify factors contributing to sustainable growth of key financial inclusion indicators. The focus is on four countries–Argentina, Brazil, India, and Kazakhstan–that have demonstrated stable growth in bank account penetration, borrowing, and deposit activity over the period 2014– 2024. The aim of this work is to identify patterns of financial inclusion, analyze successful government and digital initiatives, and evaluate practical measures to improve financial access for the population. The study is based on Global Findex data, national bank reports and official financial inclusion and literacy strategies to assess both quantitative and qualitative aspects of financial inclusion. The scientific significance of the work lies in the systematization and comparative analysis of the dynamics of financial inclusion, the identification of factors influencing the sustainability of growth, and the determination of the role of digitalization and institutional reforms. The practical value of the study is displayed in the possibility of adapting successful measures and tools in other developing countries, including Kazakhstan, to increase the level of financial inclusion. The study's findings demonstrate that the greatest effectiveness is achieved through the consistent implementation of comprehensive measures that combine institutional reforms, digitalization of financial services, and financial literacy programs. The results of the work can be used to develop national strategies for financial inclusion and improving the financial infrastructure.

финансовая инклюзияфинансовые услугифинансовое поведениецифровизацияфинансовые технологиифинансовая инфраструктурафинтех-экосистемаfinancial inclusionfinancial servicesfinancial behaviordigitalizationfinancial technologyfinancial infrastructureFinTech ecosystemReferencesRatnawati K. The Impact of Financial Inclusion on Economic Growth, Poverty, IncomeInequality, and Financial Stability in Asia // Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business. 2020, vol. 7, no. 10,pp. 73–85. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346243729_The_Impact_of_Financial_Inclusion_on_Economic_Growth_Poverty_Income_Inequality_and_Financial_Stability_in_AsiaRatnawati K. (2020) The Impact of Financial Inclusion on Economic Growth, Poverty, IncomeInequality, and Financial Stability in Asia // Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 73– 85. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346243729_The_Impact_of_Financial_Inclusion_on_Economic_Growth_Poverty_Income_Inequality_and_Financial_Stability_in_Asia (In English)Demir A., Pesqué-Cela V., Altunbas Y., Murinde V. Fintech, financial inclusion and income inequality: a quantile regression approach // The European Journal of Finance. 2022, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 86–107Demir A., Pesqué-Cela V., Altunbas Y., Murinde V. (2022) Fintech, financial inclusion and income inequality: a quantile regression approach // The European Journal of Finance, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 86–107 (In English)Ayinde et al. Assessment of the financial inclusion–gender–welfare nexus among smallholder maize farmers in Nigeria African // Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. 2023. Vol. 18. No. 3. Р. 249– 264. URL: https://research.bangor.ac.uk/en/publications/fintech-financial-inclusion-and-income-inequality-aquantile-regr/Ayinde et al. (2023) Assessment of the financial inclusion–gender–welfare nexus among smallholder maize farmers in Nigeria African // Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. Vol. 18. No. 3. Р. 249– 264. URL: https://research.bangor.ac.uk/en/publications/fintech-financial-inclusion-and-income-inequality-aquantile-regr/ (In English)Ratnawati K., Pusvita Y. Financial inclusion and its impact on performance of MSMEs with efficiency and financial flexibility as mediation: Empirical evidence from Malang city // Contemporary Research on Management and Business. 2022, pp. 184–187. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362439625_Financial_inclusion_and_its_impact_on_performance_of_MSMEs_with_efficiency_and_financial_flexibility_as_mediation_Empirical_evidence_from_Malang_cityRatnawati K., Pusvita Y. (2022) Financial inclusion and its impact on performance of MSMEs with efficiency and financial flexibility as mediation: Empirical evidence from Malang city // Contemporary Research on Management and Business, pp. 184–187. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362439625_Financial_inclusion_and_its_impact_on_performance_of_MSMEs_with_efficiency_and_financial_flexibility_as_mediation_Empirical_evidence_from_Malang_city (In English)Xi W., Wang Y. Digital financial inclusion and quality of economic growth // Heliyon. 2023. Volume 9. Issue 9. e19731. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023069396Xi W., Wang Y. (2023) Digital financial inclusion and quality of economic growth // Heliyon. Volume 9. Issue 9. e19731. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023069396 (In English)Shen Y., Hu W., Hueng J. Digital Financial Inclusion and Economic Growth: A Cross-country Study // Procedia Computer Science. 2021, vol. 187, pp. 218–223. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352359628_Digital_Financial_Inclusion_and_Economic_Growth_A_Cross-country_StudyShen Y., Hu W., Hueng J. (2021) Digital Financial Inclusion and Economic Growth: A Crosscountry Study // Procedia Computer Science, vol. 187, pp. 218–223. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352359628_Digital_Financial_Inclusion_and_Economic_Growth_A_Cross-country_Study (In English)Li Q., Liu Q. Impact of Digital Financial Inclusion on Residents’ Income and Income Structure // Sustainability. 2023. Vol. 15. No. 3. Art. 2196. URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/3/2196Li Q., Liu Q. (2023) Impact of Digital Financial Inclusion on Residents’ Income and Income Structure // Sustainability. Vol. 15. No. 3. Art. 2196. URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/3/2196 (In English)Klapper L., Singer D., Starita L., Norris A. The Global Findex Database 2025: Connectivity and Financial Inclusion in the Digital Economy. Washington, DC: World Bank. 2025. URL: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/8b9002b6-d8dd-426c-aa7c-6d7d16902cd7Klapper L., Singer D., Starita L., Norris A. (2025) The Global Findex Database 2025: Connectivity and Financial Inclusion in the Digital Economy. Washington, DC: World Bank. URL: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/8b9002b6-d8dd-426c-aa7c-6d7d16902cd7 (In English)Sarma M. Index of Financial Inclusion // Indian Council or research on International Economic Relation. 2008. Working Paper No. 215. URL: https://www.icrier.org/pdf/Working_Paper_215.pdfSarma M. (2008) Index of Financial Inclusion// Indian Council or research on International Economic Relation. Working Paper No. 215. URL: https://www.icrier.org/pdf/Working_Paper_215.pdf (In English)Официальный сайт Центрального банка Индии. URL: https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=60875 (дата обращения: 15.09.2025)Oficial’nyj sajt Central’nogo banka Indii. URL: https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=60875 (data obrashhenija: 15.09.2025) (In Russian)Официальный сайт Пресс-информационного бюро Правительство Индии. URL: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressNoteDetails.aspx?NoteId=154980&ModuleId=3&reg=3&lang=1 (дата обращения: 15.09.2025)Oficial’nyj sajt Press-informacionnogo bjuro Pravitel’stvo Indii. URL: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressNoteDetails.aspx?NoteId=154980&ModuleId=3&reg=3&lang=1 (data obrashhenija: 15.09.2025) (In Russian)Report on Financial Citizenship. Central Bank of Brazil, 2018. URL: https://www.bcb.gov.br/content/publications/report_fincit/Report%20on%20Financial%20Citizenship%20-%202018.pdfReport on Financial Citizenship. Central Bank of Brazil, 2018. URL: https://www.bcb.gov.br/content/publications/report_fincit/Report%20on%20Financial%20Citizenship%20-%202018.pdf (In English)Официальный сайт Центрального банка Бразилии. URL: https://www.bcb.gov.br/en/financialstability/pix_en (дата обращения: 15.09.2025)Oficial’nyj sajt Central’nogo banka Brazilii. URL: https://www.bcb.gov.br/en/financialstability/pix_en (data obrashhenija: 15.09.2025) (In Russian)Официальный сайт Open Finance. URL: https://openfinancebrasil.org.br/como-usar-o-open-finance/ (дата обращения: 15.09.2025)Oficial’nyj sajt Open Finance. URL: https://openfinancebrasil.org.br/como-usar-o-open-finance/ (data obrashhenija: 15.09.2025) (In Russian)Financial Inclusion Report. Central Bank of Argentina, October 2024. URL: https://www.bcra.gob.ar/archivos/Pdfs/PublicacionesEstadisticas/Oct24%20-%20Financial%20Inclusion%20Report.pdfFinancial Inclusion Report. Central Bank of Argentina, October 2024. URL: https://www.bcra.gob.ar/archivos/Pdfs/PublicacionesEstadisticas/Oct24%20-%20Financial%20Inclusion%20Report.pdf (In English)Altaytas K.M. From financial inclusion to indebtedness: how FinTech transforms credit access and household financial practices in Buenos Aires, Argentina // Finance and Society. 2025, vol. 11, pp. 103–122.Altaytas K.M. (2025) From financial inclusion to indebtedness: how FinTech transforms credit access and household financial practices in Buenos Aires, Argentina // Finance and Society, vol. 11, pp. 103–122. (In English)

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.