turanВестник университета «Туран»Bulletin of "Turan" University1562-29592959-1236Университет «Туран»10.46914/1562-2959-2026-1-1-490-507turan-5244Research ArticleТРИБУНА МОЛОДОГО ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЯPLATFORM OF YOUNG RESEARCHERСовременные трансформации рынка труда в условиях урбанизированного Казахстана: экономический анализ на примере АлматыModern transformations of the labor market in urbanized Kazakhstan: an economic analysis based on the case of Almatyhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-3412-954XСаруароваМ. Б.SaruarovaM. B.

докторант 

г. Алматы 

PhD student 

Almaty 

24250404@turan-edu.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8316-8359МаксимовД. А.MaksimovD. A.

д.э.н., ассоциированный профессор 

г. Москва 

d.e.s., associate professor 

Moscow 

DA@rea.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1059-4917КиричокО. В.KirichokO. V.

PhD, ассоциированный профессор 

г. Алматы 

PhD, associate professor 

Almaty 

o.kirichok@cu.edu.kzОразоваБ. Б.OrazovaB. B.

к.э.н., ассоциированный профессор 

г. Шымкент 

c.e.s., associate professor 

Shymkent 

Университет «Туран»КазахстанTuran UniversityKazakhstanРоссийский экономический университет им. Г.В. ПлехановаРоссияPlekhanov Russian University of EconomicsRussian FederationCaspian UniversityКазахстанCaspian UniversityKazakhstanТашенев университетКазахстанTashenev UniversityKazakhstan20262503202601490507Copyright © Саруарова М.Б., Максимов Д.А., Киричок О.В., Оразова Б.Б., 20262026Саруарова М.Б., Максимов Д.А., Киричок О.В., Оразова Б.Б.Saruarova M.B., Maksimov D.A., Kirichok O.V., Orazova B.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.turan-edu.kz/jour/article/view/5244

Цифровизация и рост неформальной занятости коренным образом трансформируют рынок труда в городах постсоветского пространства, усиливая социальную поляризацию и подрывая традиционные институты социальной защиты. В настоящем исследовании Алматы рассматривается как представительный мегаполис, который фокусируется как на глобальных тенденциях в экономике гигантов, так и на местных проблемах институциональной адаптации. Цель исследования – проанализировать, как цифровые платформы и гибридные формы занятости влияют на структуру городского рынка труда и воспроизводство социального неравенства. Теоретическая база включает концепции платформенного капитализма, дуального рынка труда, цифрового неолиберализма и городской стратификации. Методология исследования сочетает в себе библиографический анализ, интерпретацию статистических данных (БНС РК, ОЭСР), а также анализ институциональных документов и случаев трудовых конфликтов. Было выявлено, что по состоянию на первый квартал 2025 года 23,1% всех занятых в Казахстане (2,2 млн человек) являются самозанятыми, в то время как уровень безработицы в 4,6% остается низким на фоне роста нестабильных форм занятости. Протестная активность в секторе платформ (Wolt, Yandex Go) свидетельствует о росте социальной напряженности. Полученные результаты подтверждают формирование класса «цифрового прекариата» из институционально незащищенных работников, вовлеченных в цифровую экономику. Практическая значимость исследования заключается в разработке рекомендаций для государственной политики в области регулирования платформенной занятости, модернизации социальной защиты и устойчивого развития городского рынка труда в условиях цифрового капитализма.

Digitalization and the growth of informal employment are fundamentally transforming the labor market in postSoviet cities, increasing social polarization and undermining traditional institutions of social protection. The present study considers Almaty as a representative megacity, which focuses on both global trends in the gig economy and local challenges to institutional adaptation. The purpose of the study is to analyze how digital platforms and hybrid forms of employment affect the structure of the urban labor market and the reproduction of social inequality. The theoretical framework includes the concepts of platform capitalism, dual labor market, digital neoliberalism and urban stratification. The research methodology combines bibliographic analysis, interpretation of statistical data (BNS RK, OECD), as well as analysis of institutional documents and cases of labor conflicts. It was revealed that as of the first quarter of 2025, 23.1% of all employed in Kazakhstan (2.2 million people) are self-employed, while the unemployment rate of 4.6% remains sluggish amid the growth of unstable forms of work. Protest activity in the platform sector (Wolt, Yandex Go) indicates an increase in social tension.The results confirm the formation of a class of “digital precariat” of institutionally unprotected workers involved in the digital economy. The practical significance of the research is in the development of recommendations for state policy in the field of regulating platform employment, modernizing social protection and sustainable development of the urban labor market in the context of digital capitalism.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.