<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">turan</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник университета «Туран»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of "Turan" University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1562-2959</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2959-1236</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет «Туран»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46914/1562-2959-2026-1-2-472-486</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">turan-5605</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТРИБУНА МОЛОДОГО ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLATFORM OF YOUNG RESEARCHER</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Модели и механизмы финансирования высших учебных заведений: сравнительный анализ и позиционирование Казахстана</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Models and mechanisms of higher education financing: a comparative analysis and positioning of Kazakhstan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9916-9222</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аширбекова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ashirbekova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докторант </p><p>г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctoral student</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dina.ashirbekova4@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7283-6187</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нурмуханова</surname><given-names>Г. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nurmukhanova</surname><given-names>G. Zh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.э.н., профессор </p><p>г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>d.e.s., professor </p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">g.nurmukhanova@turan-edu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7161-3547</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ряховский</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryakhovskiy</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.э.н., профессор</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>d.e.s., professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">diryahovskiy@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет «Туран»</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Turan University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>472</fpage><lpage>486</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аширбекова Д.А., Нурмуханова Г.Ж., Ряховский Д.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аширбекова Д.А., Нурмуханова Г.Ж., Ряховский Д.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ashirbekova D.A., Nurmukhanova G.Z., Ryakhovskiy D.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.turan-edu.kz/jour/article/view/5605">https://vestnik.turan-edu.kz/jour/article/view/5605</self-uri><abstract><p>В современных условиях трансформации систем государственного управления вопрос об оптимальных механизмах бюджетного финансирования высших учебных заведений приобретает все большую научную и практическую актуальность. От выбора модели финансирования напрямую зависят стимулы, которые получают вузы, к повышению качества образования, развитию исследовательской деятельности и инновационному развитию. Цель настоящего исследования – провести сравнительный анализ базовых моделей и механизмов финансирования высшего образования, применяемых в мировой практике, а также определить место казахстанской системы в данной типологии. Методология исследования основана на сравнительном, структурном и институциональном анализе. В качестве теоретической рамки использована типология, разграничивающая институциональную модель (объект финансирования – вуз) и модель, основанную на спросе (объект финансирования – студент), с выделением трех поколений механизмов в рамках первой: сметного, формульного и ориентированного на результат. Научная значимость работы состоит в систематизации актуальной мировой практики (2020–2026 гг.) применения моделей финансирования ВО и в авторском позиционировании казахстанской системы государственного образовательного заказа в рамках международной типологии. Ценность исследования заключается в выявлении конкретных системных разрывов между казахстанской практикой и международными стандартами по ключевым параметрам: доле расходов на ВиПО от ВВП, уровню финансовой автономии вузов, наличию механизмов ориентированного на результат финансирования. Практическое значение результатов заключается в возможности их использования при разработке политических решений по совершенствованию системы финансирования вузов РК в соответствии с Концепцией развития ВОиН РК на 2023–2029 гг., а также в учебном процессе по дисциплинам «Экономика образования» и «Государственное управление».</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance: amid the transformation of public governance, the choice of optimal mechanisms for the budget financing of higher education institutions (HEIs) is gaining scholarly and practical importance, since the funding model directly shapes universities’ incentives to improve quality, research, and innovation. Purpose: to systematize the basic models and mechanisms of higher education financing used in global practice and to determine the position of the Kazakhstani system within this typology. Methodology: the study draws on comparative, structural, and institutional analysis. The theoretical framework distinguishes the institutional model (the HEI as the object of funding) and the demand-based model (the student as the object of funding), with three generations of mechanisms within the former: line-item, formula-based, and performance-based funding (PBF). Scientific significance: the study systematizes current global practice (2020–2026) of HE funding models and offers an original positioning of Kazakhstan’s state educational order within the international typology. Value: the research identifies specific systemic gaps between Kazakhstani practice and international standards across key parameters, namely the share of HE expenditure in GDP, the level of financial autonomy of HEIs, and the presence of performance-based funding mechanisms. Practical significance: the findings can be used in developing policy decisions to improve the financing of Kazakhstani HEIs in line with the 2023–2029 Concept, as well as in teaching the economics of education and public administration.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>модели финансирования</kwd><kwd>спрос</kwd><kwd>результат</kwd><kwd>образовательные ваучеры</kwd><kwd>образовательные кредиты</kwd><kwd>государство</kwd><kwd>образовательный заказ</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дмитриенко А.С. Обзор моделей финансирования высшего образования: механизмы доведения средств и роль государства // Вопросы государственного и муниципального управления. – 2023. – № 2. – С. 146–171. DOI: 10.17323/1999-5431-2023-0-2-146-171</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dmitrienko A.S. (2023) Obzor modelej finansirovaniya vysshego obrazovaniya: mekhanizmy dovedeniya sredstv i rol’ gosudarstva. Voprosy gosudarstvennogo i municipal’nogo upravleniya. No. 2. P. 146– 171. DOI: 10.17323/1999-5431-2023-0-2-146-171 (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jongbloed B. Institutional Funding and Institutional Change // Real-time systems: Reflections on higher education in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. Brno: Vutium. 2003. P. 115–146.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jongbloed B. (2003) Institutional Funding and Institutional Change. Real-time systems: Reflections on higher education in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. Brno: Vutium. P. 115–146. (In English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">OECD. Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2025. URL: https:// www.oecd.org/education/education-at-a-glance/ (accessed: 01.03.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">OECD. Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2025. URL: https://www.oecd.org/education/education-at-a-glance/ (accessed: 01.03.2025) (In English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Babin M., Erić M. Institutional financing vs. demand financing in higher education // Finding the right path higher education financing and social dimension in the western Balkan countries. Belgrade: University of Belgrade. 2015. P. 29–41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babin M., Erić M. (2015) Institutional financing vs. demand financing in higher education // Finding the right path higher education financing and social dimension in the western Balkan countries. Belgrade: University of Belgrade. P. 29–41. (In English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pruvot E.B., Claeys-Kulik A.L., Estermann T. Strategies for efficient funding of universities in Europe // The European Higher Education Area. Cham: Springer. 2015. P. 153–168.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pruvot E.B., Claeys-Kulik A.L., Estermann T. (2015) Strategies for efficient funding of universities in Europe // The European Higher Education Area. Cham: Springer. P. 153–168. (In English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Boer H., Jongbloed B. et al. Performance-based funding and performance agreements in fourteen higher education systems. Center for Higher Education Policy Studies (CHEPS), 2015. 94 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Boer H., Jongbloed B. et al. (2015) Performance-based funding and performance agreements in fourteen higher education systems. Center for Higher Education Policy Studies (CHEPS). 94 p. (In English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Narbaev T. et al. A decade of transformation in higher education and science in Kazakhstan // Education Sciences. 2025. Vol. 15. No. 3. P. 1597.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Narbaev T. et al. (2025) A decade of transformation in higher education and science in Kazakhstan. Education Sciences. Vol. 15. No. 3. P. 1597. (In English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jonbekova D., Kuchumova G., Kim T., Mukhamejanova D., Gimranova D., Abdildin Y., Alimkhanova D. Motivations, benefits, and challenges of university-industry partnerships in Kazakhstan // International Journal of Educational Research. 2025. Vol. 130. Art. 102486. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijer.2024.102486</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jonbekova D., Kuchumova G., Kim T., Mukhamejanova D., Gimranova D., Abdildin Y., Alimkhanova D. (2025) Motivations, benefits, and challenges of university-industry partnerships in Kazakhstan. International Journal of Educational Research. Vol. 130. Art. 102486. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijer.2024.102486 (In English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">OECD. Higher Education in Kazakhstan 2017. Reviews of National Policies for Education. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2017. DOI: 10.1787/9789264268531-en.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">OECD. Higher Education in Kazakhstan 2017. Reviews of National Policies for Education. Paris: OECD Publishing , 2017. DOI: 10.1787/9789264268531-en (In English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Bank, UNESCO. Education Finance Watch 2024. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024. URL: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/education/publication/education-finance-watch (accessed: 01.03.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Bank, UNESCO. Education Finance Watch 2024. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024. URL: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/education/publication/education-finance-watch (accessed: 01.03.2025) (In English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pruvot E.B., Popkhadze N., Estermann T. University Autonomy in Europe IV: The Scorecard 2023. Brussels: European University Association (EUA), 2023. URL: https://eua.eu/publications/reports/universityautonomy-in-europe-iv-the-scorecard-2023.html (accessed: 01.03.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pruvot E.B., Popkhadze N., Estermann T. (2023) University Autonomy in Europe IV: The Scorecard 2023. Brussels: European University Association (EUA). URL: https://eua.eu/publications/reports/universityautonomy-in-europe-iv-the-scorecard-2023.html (accessed: 01.03.2025) (In English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fu Y. Research funding allocation and performance of Chinese universities // Higher Education. 2023. Vol. 86. No. 4. P. 761–781. DOI: 10.1007/s10734-022-00934-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fu Y. (2023) Research funding allocation and performance of Chinese universities. Higher Education. Vol. 86. No. 4. P. 761–781. DOI: 10.1007/s10734-022-00934-5 (In English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">U.S. Department of Education. Federal Student Aid Annual Report FY 2023. Washington, DC: Department of Education, 2023. URL: https://studentaid.gov (дата обращения: 01.03.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">U.S. Department of Education. Federal Student Aid Annual Report FY 2023. Washington, DC: Department of Education. 2023. URL: https://studentaid.gov (accessed: 01.03.2025) (In English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Концепция развития высшего образования и науки Республики Казахстан на 2023–2029 годы. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz (дата обращения: 01.03.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kontseptsiya razvitiya vysshego obrazovaniya i nauki Respubliki Kazakhstan na 2023–2029 gody. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz (data obrashcheniya: 01.03.2025) (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Закон Республики Казахстан «Об образовании» от 27 июля 2007 г. № 319-III (с изм. от 10.07.2023 г.). URL: https://adilet.zan.kz (дата обращения: 01.03.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakon Respubliki Kazakhstan «Ob obrazovanii» ot 27 iyulya 2007 g. No. 319-III (s izm. ot 10.07.2023 g.). URL: https://adilet.zan.kz (data obrashcheniya: 01.03.2025) (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jongbloed B. Funding higher education: options, trade-offs and dilemmas // Fulbright Brainstorms 2004 – New Trends in Higher Education. Lisbon, 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jongbloed B. (2004) Funding higher education: options, trade-offs and dilemmas. Fulbright Brainstorms 2004 – New Trends in Higher Education. Lisbon. (In English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dougherty K.J., Natow R.S. Performance-based funding for higher education: how well does neoliberal theory capture neoliberal practice? // Higher Education. 2020. Vol. 80. No. 3. P. 457–478.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dougherty K.J., Natow R.S. (2020) Performance-based funding for higher education: how well does neoliberal theory capture neoliberal practice? Higher Education. Vol. 80. No. 3. P. 457–478. (In English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marcucci P.N., Johnstone D.B. Tuition fee policies in a comparative perspective // Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management. 2007. Vol. 29. No. 1. P. 25–40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marcucci P.N., Johnstone D.B. (2007) Tuition fee policies in a comparative perspective. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management. Vol. 29. No. 1. P. 25–40. (In English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalenyuk I., Grishnova O., Tsymbal L., Djakons D. Features of result-based financing higher education // Вестник НАН РК. 2021. No. 2. P. 50–57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalenyuk I., Grishnova O., Tsymbal L., Djakons D. (2021) Features of result-based financing higher education. Vestnik NAN RK. No. 2. P. 50–57. (In English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salmi J. The Transformative Impact of Academic Excellence Initiatives // International Higher Education. 2023. No. 115. P. 7–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salmi J. (2023) The Transformative Impact of Academic Excellence Initiatives. International Higher Education. No. 115. P. 7–9. (In English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Research Excellence Framework 2021: Overview report by Main Panel A. REF 2021, 2022. URL: https:// ref.ac.uk (accessed: 01.03.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Research Excellence Framework 2021: Overview report by Main Panel A. (2022) REF 2021. URL: https://ref.ac.uk (accessed: 01.03.2025) (In English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jongbloed B., de Gayardon A. Does Performance-Based Funding Work? A European Perspective // International Higher Education. 2023. No. 113. P. 30–31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jongbloed B., de Gayardon A. (2023) Does Performance-Based Funding Work? AEuropean Perspective. International Higher Education. No. 113. P. 30–31. (In English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Исаева А.Д., Баймагамбетова Л.К. Комплексный отраслевой обзор рынка высшего образования Казахстана: тренды и вызовы // Вестник университета «Туран». – 2024. – № 1(101). – С. 337–354.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Issayeva A.D., Baimagambetova L.K. (2024) Kompleksnyj otraslevoj obzor rynka vysshego obrazovaniya Kazahstana: trendy i vyzovy. Vestnik universiteta «Turan». No. 1(101). P. 337–354. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Government expenditure on education as % of GDP, Kazakhstan. URL: https://uis.unesco.org (accessed: 08.06.2026)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Government expenditure on education as % of GDP, Kazakhstan. URL: https://uis.unesco.org (accessed: 08.06.2026) (In English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Закон Республики Казахстан «О республиканском бюджете на 2025–2027 годы» (бюджетная программа 204 «Обеспечение кадрами с высшим и послевузовским образованием»). URL: https://adilet.zan.kz (дата обращения: 08.06.2026)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakon Respubliki Kazahstan «O respublikanskom byudzhete na 2025–2027 gody» (byudzhetnaya programma 204). URL: https://adilet.zan.kz (accessed: 08.06.2026) (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Высшее и послевузовское образование в Республике Казахстан: статистический сборник / Бюро национальной статистики АСПиР РК. – Астана, 2024. URL: https://stat.gov.kz (дата обращения: 08.06.2026)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vysshee i poslevuzovskoe obrazovanie v Respublike Kazahstan: statisticheskij sbornik. Bureau of National Statistics ASPR RK. Astana, 2024. URL: https://stat.gov.kz (accessed: 08.06.2026) (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
