Features of pension provision formation and development in the world

The article describes the concepts ‘‘pension provision’’ and ‘‘pension system’’, the stages of the development of pension provision on a global scale, the differentiation of which allows us to identify the main characteristics of each of them: the formation of national pension systems, the expansion of the coverage of the pension provision and the paradigm shift in pension provision. Examples of the functioning of the pension systems of the leading Western countries at the present stage of development are considered as examples. As a supplement to the state pension insurance mechanisms, in the framework of pension system reforms in developed countries mechanisms of non-state pension provision were introduced. This was done in the form of compulsory and voluntary private pension insurance. Mandatory private pension provision is a form of pension insurance, whereby pension contributions of insured persons are transferred to private pension funds, which after the retirement of citizens make payments. Voluntary private pension provision is designed to expand the capacity of mandatory pension provision, it is based on the voluntary creation of private savings portfolios in specialized funds and, as a rule, is carried out through the non-state sector. The article analyzes the models of pension provision presented as schemes with defined contributions, their classification is given depending on the method of management and the mode of participation. The main institutions of pension provision are considered, the combination of which served as the basis for building up modern pension systems in different countries of the world. Particular attention is paid to the differentiation of the terms «pension provision» and «pension system».

зейнетақымен қамсыздандыру, зейнетақы жүйесі, сақтандыру, жарналар, зейнетақы қор­, лары, жинақ, pension provision, pension system, insurance, contribution, pension funds, savings, пенсионное обеспечение, пенсионная система, страхование, взносы, пенсионные фонды, сбережения

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