Social policy of the state and its impact on the unemployment rate in Kazakhstan

The process of formation of the social support system in Kazakhstan is associated with profound socio-economic reforms. The latest policy documents adopted in Kazakhstan are aimed not only at developing human capital, improving the quality and standard of living of the population, but also at strengthening the socio-economic protection of members of society. Conducting an adequate social policy aimed at improving the quality of life of the population is one of the most important functions of the state. The purpose of this study is to consider the problems of unemployment and poverty, social inequality, as well as the impact of public policy measures to reduce it. The methods of research were review, generalization, statistical and quantitative analysis. The information base of the study was the data of the National Statistical Bureau, which reflected the main problems of domestic social security. In the course of the study it was revealed that the implementation of state projects to increase incomes of the population did not bring the expected effect. The study showed a decrease in the real income of the population with an increase in the dynamics of nominal income, a high proportion of income inequality between the rural and urban population, and this is associated with a general slowdown in economic growth and rising inflation. In addition, the study revealed a high proportion of the self-employed population, who are unfortunately engaged in unproductive activities, which ultimately leads to an increase in poverty. In these conditions it is necessary to systematize measures of social support of the population, implementation of state projects, equalizing incomes of the population.

1. QR Prezidentı Q.K. Toqaevtyñ Qazaqstan halqyna arnağan joldauy Jaña jağdaidağy Qazaqstan: ıs-qimyl kezeñı 1.09.2022. URL: https://www.akorda.kz/kz/addresses/addresses_of_president/memleket-basshysy-kasym-zhomart-tokaevtyn-kazakstan-halkyna-zholdauy-2020-zhylgy-1-kyrkuiek (ötınış berılgen kün: 09.02.2023). (In Kazakh).

2. Qazaqstan Respublikasy Prezidentınıñ 2018 jylğy 15 aqpandağy № 636 jarlyğy Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ 2025 jylğa deiıngı ūlttyq damu jospary. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/U1800000636 (ötınış berılgen kün: 01.02.2023). (In Kazakh).

3. QR Prezidentı Q.K. Toqaevtyñ Qazaqstan halqyna arnağan joldauy Halyq bırlıgı jäne jüielı reforma-el örkendeuınıñ berık negızı 01.09.2021. URL: https://www.akorda.kz/kz/memleket-basshysy-kasym-zhomart-tokaev-kazakstan-halkyna-zholdauyn-zhariyalady-181635 (ötınış berılgen kün: 10.02.2023). (In Kazakh).

4. QR Prezidentı Q.K. Toqaevtyñ Qazaqstan halqyna arnağan joldauy Ädılettı memleket. Bırtūtas ūlt. Berekelı qoğam. 01.09.2022. URL: https://www.akorda.kz/kz/memleket-basshysy-kasym-zhomart-tokaevtyn-kazakstan-halkyna-zholdauy-181416 (ötınış berılgen kün: 10.02.2023). (In Kazakh).

5. Titmuss R.M. (1974) Social Policy. An introduction // London: George Allen&Unwin, URL: wordpress. com. (In English).

6. Esping-Andersen G. The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism // Princeton: Princeton University Press, URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/243774920_The_Three_Worlds_Of_Welfare_Capitalism

7. Drobozina L.A. (2000) Finansy. Denezhnoe obrashhenie. Kredit. Uchebnik dlja vuzov // M.: Finansy, JuNITI. P. 357–360. (In Russian).

8. Benabou R., Ok E.A. Social mobility and the demand for redistribution: The POUM hypothesis // Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 2001. URL: https://rbenabou.scholar.princeton.edu/sites/g/files/toruqf3331/files/rbenabou/files/d8zkmee3.pdf. (In English).

9. Holzmann R., Jorgensen S. Social risk management: A new conceptual framework for social protection, and beyond // International Tax and Public Finance, 2001. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5148552_Social_Risk_Management_A_New_Conceptual_Framework_for_Social_Protection. (In English).

10. Huggett M., Parra J.C. How well does the U.S. social insurance system provide social insurance? // Journal of Political Economy. February 2010. URL: https://ideas.repec.org/a/ucp/jpolec/v118y2010i1p76-112.html. (In English).

11. Wonik Kim. Social Risk and Social Insurance Political Demand for Unemployment Insurance // Rationality and Society, February 2019. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270706254_Social_Risk_and_Social_Insurance. (In English).

12. Ehtisham Ahmad. SOCIAL SECURITY AND THE POOR: Choices for Developing Countries. URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3986463. (In English).

13. Béland D., Cantillon B., Hick R., Moreira A. Social policy in the face of a global pandemic: policy responses to the COVID-19 crisis. URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/spol.12718. (In English).

14. Cai F., Zhang D., Liu Y. The impact of COVID-19 on the Chinese labor market: a comprehensive analysis based on the individual tracking survey. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666933121000484. (In English).

15. Gentilini U., Almenfi M., Dale P. Social protection and jobs responses to COVID-19: a real-time review of country measures. “Living paper” version // Washington DC: World Bank. URL: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33635. (In English).

16. Wong C., Qian J. COVID-19 highlights need to strengthen China’s social safety net (I): the unemployment insurance scheme. URL: https://research.nus.edu.sg/eai/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/12/EAIBB-No.-1572-COVID-19-and-Chinas-social-safety-net-I-2.pdf. (In English).

17. Jashina N.I., Rubcova E.M., Grishunina I.A., Jashin S.N. (2020) Jeffektivnost' finansirovanija gosudarstvennyh programm kak instrument politiki finansovoj stabilizacii territorij // Regional'naja jekonomika i upravlenie. No. 4(64). P. 1–16. (In Russian).

18. Maleeva T.M., Ovcharova L.N., Brkdjak A.Ja., Zubarevich N.V., Pishnjak A.I., Popova D.O., Sinjavskaja O.V. (2010) Social'naja podderzhka: uroki krizisov i vektory modernizacii // M.: Izdatel'stvo «Delo» RANH. 336 p. (In Russian).

19. Misihina S.G. (2011) Social'naja podderzhka ujazvimyh grupp naselenija // M.: Izdatel'stvo Instituta Gajdara. 92 p. (In Russian).

20. Rakitskij B. (1993) Social'naja zashhishhennost' i ee tipy // Voprosy jekonomiki. No. 7. P. 5. (In Russian).

21. Sulejmanova G.V. (2016) Pravo social'nogo obespechenija. Moskva: Jurajt. P. 19–27. (In Russian).

22. Judin V.P. (1995) Social'naja zashhita: ponjatie, sushhnost', granicy // Kazan'. 121 p. (In Russian).

23. Tatibekov B. (2006) Puti sovershenstvovanija sistemy social'nogo strahovanija ot poteri raboty // Trud v Kazahstane. No. 6. P. 16–17. (In Russian).

24. Sato Y. Administrative evaluation and public sector reform: an analytic hierarchy process approach. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227804902_Administrative_evaluation_and_public_sector_reform_An_analytic_hierarchy_process_approach. (In English).

25. Qazaqstan Respublikasy strategialyq josparlau jäne reformalar jönındegı agenttıgınıñ ūlttyq statistika bürosy // Qazaqstan Respublikasyndağy eñbek naryğynyñ negızgı indikatorlary (2022 j. IV toqsan). URL: https://new.stat.gov.kz/industries/labor-and-income/stat-empt-unempl/publications/9211 (ötınış berılgen kün: 01.02.2023). (In Kazakh).

26. Qazaqstan Respublikasy strategialyq josparlau jäne reformalar jönındegı agenttıgınıñ ūlttyq statistika bürosy // Qazaqstan Respublikasyndağy qyzmetkerlerdıñ sany jäne jalaqysy (2022 j. IV toqsan). URL: https://new.stat.gov.kz/industries/labor-and-income/stat-wags/publications/9188/ (ötınış berılgen kün: 10.02.2023). (In Kazakh).

27. Jeke tūlğalardyñ bankrottyğy turaly zañ jobasy // URL: https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/pavlodar–zhelezinka/press/news/details/485985?lang=kk&ysclid=ley59syhyc665228097 (ötınış berılgen kün: 02.02.2023). (In Kazakh).

28. Qazaqstan Respublikasy strategialyq josparlau jäne reformalar jönındegı agenttıgınıñ ūlttyq statistika bürosy // Tūrmys deñgeiı statistikasy. URL: https://new.stat.gov.kz/industries/labor-and-income/stat-life/ (ötınış berılgen kün: 01.02.2023). (In Kazakh).

29. Qazaqstan Respublikasy strategialyq josparlau jäne reformalar jönındegı agenttıgınıñ ūlttyq statistika bürosy // Jalaqy jäne eñbek jağdaiy. URL: https://new.stat.gov.kz/industries/labor-and-income/stat-wags/ (ötınış berılgen kün: 10.02.2023). (In Kazakh).

30. Qazaqstan Respublikasy strategialyq josparlau jäne reformalar jönındegı agenttıgınıñ ūlttyq statistika bürosy. URL: https://stat.gov.kz/industries/labor-and-income/stat-life/publications/9468/ (ötınış berılgen kün: 19.02.2023). (In Kazakh).

31. Agentstvo po delam gosudarstvennoj sluzhby Kazahstana. ADGS RK podvelo itogi raboty za 2022 god. – 2022. URL: https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/qyzmet/documents/details/307381?lang=kk&ysclid=lgahao91lw300464852 (өtіnіsh berіlgen kүn: 01.04.2023). (In Russian).

32. Halyqtyñ tabysyn arttyrudyñ 2029 jylğa deiıngı bağdarlamasy. Keşendı josparyn bekıtu turaly Qazaqstan Respublikasy Ükımetınıñ 2022 jylğy 14 säuırdegı No. 218 Qaulysy. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P2200000218#z13 (ötınış berılgen kün: 01.03.2023). (In Kazakh).