Strategic priorities for digitalization of the mining sector of Kazakhstan

Global uncertainty has transformed the economy of Kazakhstan, which is striving to become a center of innovative development in Central Asia. According to the authors, one of the reasons for the raw material orientation of the country's economy, along with the predominance of energy-intensive types of production, is the technological backwardness of the mining sector. The article shows that the strategic goal of the Kazakhstan mining complex to integrate into the world economy involves a focus on innovative development. PEST analysis of the most important micro- and macroeconomic factors made it possible to assess the current situation of enterprises. It was revealed that one of the significant reasons for the innovative lag in the mining sector of Kazakhstan is the lack of a strategic vision of digital transformation and change management mechanisms among enterprises. The authors conclude that the continuous complication of mining and geological conditions and the growing demands of stakeholders require enterprises to build internal production processes, promote R&D, improve the organization of analytical work based on an engineering and economic approach to the selection of tools for the digital basis of production, and active interaction with external partners and startups. It is substantiated that for further progress an integrated approach to the creation of intra-production digital competencies is necessary; enterprises should focus on organizational and technological transformation, including changes in the organizational structure and transformation of the business model. The results of the study are of interest to industrial enterprises when they develop proactive innovative strategies focused on reorganizing operational activities and increasing investment to promote business.

1. Ob utverzhdenii Koncepcii cifrovoj transformacii, razvitija otrasli informacionno-kommunikacionnyh tehnologij i kiberbezopasnosti na 2023–2029 gody. Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Respubliki Kazahstan ot 28 marta 2023 goda № 269. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P2300000269/history). (data obrashhenija: 07.03.2024). (In Russian).

2. Perspektivy geologorazvedki v Kazahstane: planiruetsja provedenie 100 aukcionov po mestorozhdenijam. Oficial'nyj sajt Ministerstva stroitel'stva i promyshlennosti Respubliki Kazahstan. URL: https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mps/press/news/details/744933?lang=ru (data obrashhenija: 17.08.2024). (In Russian).

3. Nacional'nyj otchet po realizacii Iniciativy prozrachnosti dobyvajushhih otraslej. Ministerstvo industrii i infrastrukturnogo razvitija Respubliki Kazahstan. Astana, 2023. 132 p. (In Russian).

4. Kodeks Respubliki Kazahstan. O nedrah i nedropol'zovanii (s izmenenijami i dopolnenijami po sostojaniju na 01.01.2024 g.). URL: https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31764592 (data obrashhenija: 12.03.2024). (In Russian).

5. V rejtinge stran po innovacijam Kazahstan zanjal lish' 81-e mesto iz 132. URL: https://finprom.kz/ru/article/v-rejtinge-stran-po-innovaciyam-kazahstan-zanyal-lish-81-e-mesto-iz-132 (data obrashhenija: 16.02.2024). (In Russian).

6. Issa A., Hatiboglu B., Bildstein A., Bauernhansl T. (2018) Industrie 4.0 roadmap: framework for digital transformation based on the concepts of capability maturity and alignment // Procedia CIPR, vol. 72, pp. 973– 978. (In English).

7. Verhoef P.C., Broekhuizen T., Bart Y., Bhattacharya A., Qi Dong J., Fabian N., Haenlein M. (2021) Digital transformation: a multidisciplinary reflection and research agenda // Journal of Business Research, vol. 122, pp. 889–901. (In English).

8. Jones MD., Hutcheson S., Camba JD. (2021) Past, present, and future barriers to digital transformation in manufacturing: a review // Journal of Manufacturing Systems, vol. 60, pp. 936–948. (In English).

9. Iizuka M., Pietrobelli C., Vargas F. (2022) Innovation in mining global value chains: implications for emerging economies. In: Daly A., Humphreys D., Raffo J., Valacchi G. (eds.) Global Challenges for Innovation in Mining Industries. Cambridge University Press, pp. 88–116. (In English).

10. Ardito L., Raby S., Albino V., Bertoldi B. (2021) The duality of digital and environmental orientations in the context of SMEs: Implications for innovation performance // Journal of Business Research, vol. 123, pp. 44–56. (In English).

11. Vargas G.B., Gomes Jd.O., Vargas Vallejos R. (2024) A framework for the prioritization of industry 4.0 and lean manufacturing technologies based on network theory // Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, vol. 1(35), pp. 95–118. (In English).

12. Bethune E., Buhalis D., Miles L. (2022) Real time response (RTR): conceptualizing a smart systems approach to destination resilience // Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, vol. 23, p. 100687. (In English).

13. Salvi A., Vitolla F., Rubino M., Giakoumelou A., Raimo N. (2021) Online information on digitalization processes and its impact on fi rm value // Journal of Business Research, vol. 124, pp. 437–444. (In English).

14. Song Y., Du C., Du P., Liu R., Lu Z. (2024) Digital transformation and corporate environmental performance: evidence from Chinese listed companies // Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 201, p. 123159. (In English).

15. Hazrat M.A., Hassan N.M.S., Chowdhury A.A., Rasul M.G., Taylor B.A. (2023) Developing a Skilled Workforce for Future Industry Demand: the Potential of Digital Twin-Based Teaching and Learning Practices in Engineering Education // Sustainability, 15(23), p. 16433. (In English).

16. Hodgkinson JH., Elmouttie M. (2020) Cousins, Siblings and Twins: a Review of the Geological Model’s Place in the Digital Mine // Resources, vol. 9(3), p. 24. (In English).

17. Galiyev S.Zh., Dovzhenok A.S., Kol’ga A.D., Galiyev D.A., Uteshov E.T. (2020) Digitalization and the potential for improving the design and planning of mining operations in open cast mining // News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Series of geology and technology sciences, vol. 1(439), pp.146–154. (In English).

18. Rekomendacii po resheniju problem s primeneniem cifrovyh proektov (reshenij) i po povysheniju jeffektivnosti raboty predprijatij. AO Kazahstanskij centr industrii i jeksporta «Qazindustry». – Nur-Sultan, 2020. URL: https://qazindustry.gov.kz/docs/otchety/1597038508.pdf (data obrashhenija: 13.12.2021). (In Russian).

19. Bjuro nacional'noj statistiki Agentstva po strategicheskomu planirovaniju i reformam Respubliki Kazahstan. URL: https://stat.gov.kz/ru/ (data obrashhenija: 27.07.2024). (In Russian).

20. Halbashkeev A. (2023) Cifrovizacija gornoj otrasli: podvodim pervye itogi // Dobyvajushhaja promyshlennost'. Central'naja Azija. No. 1–1. P. 8–14. URL: https://dprom.kz/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/DP-KZ-1-2023.pdf. (In Russian).

21. Otchet o dejatel'nosti AO «Kazahstanskij centr industrii i jeksporta «QazIndustry» za 2021 god. – Nur-Sultan, 2022. Oficial'nyj sajt Kazahstanskogo centra industrii i jeksporta«QazIndustry». URL: https://qazindustry.gov.kz/ru/reporting (data obrashhenija: 12.02.2024). (In Russian).

22. Otchet o dejatel'nosti AO «Kazahstanskij centr industrii i jeksporta «QazIndustry» za 2022 god. – Astana, 2023. Oficial'nyj sajt Kazahstanskogo centra industrii i jeksporta «QazIndustry». URL: https://qazindustry.gov.kz/ru/reporting (data obrashhenija: 12.02.2024). (In Russian).

23. Top 10 business risks and opportunities for mining and metals in 2023. URL: https://assets.ey.com/content/dam/ey-sites/ey-com/en_gl/topics/mining-metals/ey-top-10-business-risks-and-opportunities-formining-and-metals-in-2023.pdf (data obrashhenija: 02.04.2024). (In English).

24. Kak povysit' bezopasnost' i KPI rudnikov. URL: https://kapital.kz/business/85369/kak-povysit-bezopasnost-i-kpi-rudnikov.html (data obrashhenija: 13.07.2024). (In Russian).

25. Kazahstan – v 50 samyh schastlivyh stran mira, novyj uranovyj proekt i lukovyj krizis. Oficial'nyj sajt delovogo informacionnogo portala IA Inbusiness.kz. URL: https://inbusiness.kz/ru/news/kazahstan-v-50-ke-samyh-schastlivyh-stran-mira-novyj-uranovyj-proekt-i-lukovyj-krizis (data obrashhenija: 13.07.2024). (In Russian).

26. Kazahstan gotov raskryt' potencial po litiju. Predsedatel' Pravlenija AO «Nacional'naja geologicheskaja sluzhba». Oficial'nyj sajt AO «Nacional'naja geologicheskaja sluzhba». URL: https://geology.kz/en/news/619 (data obrashhenija: 11.03.2024). (In Russian).

27. Pered uchenymi stoit zadacha po povysheniju jeffektivnosti metodov izvlechenija metallov. URL: https://kapital.kz/economic/128877/pered-uchenymi-stoit-zadacha-po-povysheniyu-effektivnosti-metodov-izvlecheniya-metallov.html (data obrashhenija: 03.09.2024). (In Russian).