Analysis of household income differentiation in rural areas of the Turkestan region, taking into account the regional factor

In Kazakhstan, the importance of the issue of income growth is noted in strategic documents and government programs, and in particular in the Program for Increasing Incomes until 2029, which identifies priority areas for improving the quality of life and well-being of the country’s population. The article analyzes the content and income level of rural households, their transformation in a market economy, and social stratification in comparison with urban households. The social differentiation of the population by income level has increased and their real content has decreased. The study uses empirical methods to use statistical data and a comprehensive analysis (comparative and statistical approach) to assess key factors affecting rural income levels. Household incomes in rural areas of the Turkestan region are heavily dependent on agriculture, remittances, and government support programs. The region is facing serious challenges such as climate change, water scarcity and limited modern technology, but there are also great opportunities for development through sustainable farming practices, improved infrastructure and rural diversification. Addressing income inequality and increasing economic sustainability are key factors in improving the standard of living of rural households in the region. The analysis presented in the work highlights key problem areas and underscores the necessity of enhancing social policy and economic development in specific regions. Such data can help shape programs and measures to reduce the income gap between regions and ensure a more even development of the country.

1. Akimbekova Ch.U. Problemy i perspektivy kazahstanskogo sela v uslovijah razvitija sel'skih territorij // Kazahstanskaja sel'skohozjajstvennaja gazeta «Agrarij Kazahstana». URL: //http://abkaz.kz/problemy-iperspektivy-kazaxstanskogo-sela-v-usloviyax-razvitiya-selskix-territorij (data obrashhenija: 10.12.2024). (In Russian).

2. Koncepcija razvitija sel'skih territorij Respubliki Kazahstan na 2023–2027 gody // Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Respubliki Kazahstan ot 28 marta 2023 goda No. 270. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P2300000270 (data obrashhenija: 10.12.2024). (In Russian).

3. Perspektivy razvitija Turkestanskoj oblasti: predlozhenija Fonda «Damu» // AO «Fond razvitija predprinimatel'stva «Damu». URL: //https://damu.kz/poleznaya-informatsiya/informatsiya-fonda/analitika (data obrashhenija: 10.12.2024). (In Russian).

4. Plakhtii T., Fedoryshyna L., Tomchuk O. (2019) Socio-economic component of preferential taxation of individual income // Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, no. 2, pp. 171–175. (In English)

5. Cansunar A. (2021) Who Is High Income, Anyway? Social Comparison, Subjective Group Identification, and Preferences over Progressive Taxation // The Journal of Politics, no. 4, pp. 1292–1306. (In English)

6. Piketti T. (2015) Kapital v XXI veke / per. s fr. A.L. Dunaev, pod reakciej A.Ju. Volodina. M.: Ad Marginem Press. P. 592. (In Russian).

7. Stiglic Dzh. (2015) Cena neravenstva. Chem rassloenie obshhestva grozit nashemu budushhemu / pod reakciej A. Merkur'evoj. M.: Jeksma. P. 592. (In Russian).

8. Uilkokson R. Spravochnik po raspredeleniju dohodov // FasterCapital. URL: https://fastercapital.com/ ru/content (data obrashhenija: 10.12.2024). (In Russian).

9. Konuspaeva A.T., Utegenova Zh.S., Kakimov S.K., Zhumagulova A.K. (2022) Neobhodimost' regulirovanija dohodov naselenija Kazahstana // Қazaқ jekonomika, қarzhy zhәne halyқaralyқ sauda universitetіnің zharshysy. No. 3(48). P. 309–315. (In Russian).

10. Obsledovanie bjudzhetov domashnih hozjajstv i blagosostojanie naselenija. Rashody i dohody naselenija Respubliki Kazahstan (III kvartal 2024g.) // Bjuro nacional'noj statistiki Agentstva po strategicheskomu planirovaniju i reformam Respubliki Kazahstan. URL: https://stat.gov.kz/ru/industries/labor-and-income/statlife/publications/266620/ (data obrashhenija: 24.12.2024). (In Russian).

11. Statistika regionov Respubliki Kazahstan // Bjuro nacional'noj statistiki Agentstva po strategicheskomu planirovaniju i reformam Respubliki Kazahstan. URL: https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/turkestan (data obrashhenija: 15.12.2024). (In Russian).

12. Dohody kazahstancev: bogatye stolicy i bednyj jug // «FINPROM.KZ». URL: https://finprom.kz/ru/article/dohody-kazahstancev-bogatye-stolicy-i-bednyj-yug (data obrashhenija: 26.12.2024). (In Russian).

13. Osnovnye pokazateli differenciacii dohodov naselenija Respubliki Kazahstan (III kvartal 2024g.) // Bjuro nacional'noj statistiki Agentstva po strategicheskomu planirovaniju i reformam Respubliki Kazahstan. URL: https://stat.gov.kz/ru/industries/labor-and-income/stat-life/publications/196863/ (data obrashhenija: 24.12.2024). (In Russian).

14. Zhanakova N.N., Bodauhan G., Nigmetova G.Zh., Mangibaeva D.D., Kirbasova L.G. (2024) Sovremennoe sostojanie i puti povyshenija real'nyh dohodov naselenija Kazahstana // Jekonomika: strategija i praktika. No. 19(2). P. 123–139. (In Russian).

15. Ob utverzhdenii Kompleksnogo plana «Programma povyshenija dohodov naselenija do 2029 goda» // Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Respubliki Kazahstan No. 218 ot 14.04.2022. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P2200000218. (In Russian).