Мigration and labor market: impact and prospects for the development of the economy of Кazakhstan

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the impact of migration processes in the Republic of Kazakhstan on the labor market, the quality of human capital and the structural development of the national economy. Тo comprehensively review the current state and dynamics of internal migration processes in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Analysis of the main trends in urbanization, the reasons for the concentration of the population from rural areas to large cities and economically active regions, and the differences in socioeconomic development levels between regions. The study identified the relationship between migration and socioeconomic and demographic factors, and conducted an analytical assessment based on official national and international statistical data for 2010–2025. Тhe study used methods of economic and statistical analysis.The results of the empirical analysis showed that internal migration is associated with a 25–30% increase in labor productivity in urbanized regions, and an increase in the share of highly qualified personnel in external migration from 31,8% to 38,8% increases the risk of a long-term negative impact on national innovation potential. The study results showed that migration contributes to increased territorial mobility of labor resources, partial improvement of the interregional balance, and acceleration of the urbanization process.In addition, there are risks such as the outflow of highly qualified personnel due to external migration, an increase in the infrastructure burden in large cities due to internal migration, and an increase in informal employment. The results obtained substantiate the importance of improving the mechanisms of effective management of internal migration, ensuring regional balanced development and comprehensive modernization of urban infrastructure. The results of the study will allow taking into account the migration factor in state and regional development policies, develop practical recommendations aimed at reducing the socio-economic gap between the regions and harmonizing the long-term economic development of the country.

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