Problems of introducing artificial intelligence technologies in the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan: digital transformation and foreign experience

Today, the digital transformation of the agricultural sector has become a strategic task for ensuring food security. Although Kazakhstan possesses rich resources – 222 million hectares of agricultural land, the share of the industry in GDP does not exceed 4.7–5.1%. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies can play an important role in bridging this gap. The purpose of the study is to identify the patterns of implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in the agro – industrial complex of Kazakhstan, quantify the impact of artificial intelligence investments on agricultural production and formulate specific practical recommendations for public policy. Scientific significance of the study: for the first time in panel data on districts of Kazakhstan, the coefficient of flexibility of artificial intelligence capital was evaluated. Practical significance: the results can be used directly in developing a strategy for digitalization of the agricultural sector. Methodology: in data identified across 47 districts for 2021–2025, the Cobb-Douglas production function was estimated using a fixed effects model (228 observations, R² = 0.891). Results: the elasticity coefficient of artificial intelligence capital was determined at 0.312 (p < 0.001). Precision farming grew from 45 to 261 thousand hectares, AgriTech investments quadrupled. Insufficient digital infrastructure and shortage of specialists are the main barriers. Practical directions are offered for developers of agricultural policy in Kazakhstan, AgriTech companies and farm owners: a national agrodata platform with an open API, subsidising rural communication infrastructure, a grant programme for small farms.

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