Political and economic transformation of the PRC in the third quarter of the XX century: from “new democracy” to “cultural revolution”

The purpose of this article is to investigate the essence and destructive consequences of political and economic campaigns carried out in the third quarter of the XX century in China. The author makes an attempt to reconstruct the picture of the political, economic and social development of China in the period under study, to substantiate the specifics of the implementation of reforms in Xinjiang, to trace the interrelationships of economic, political and interethnic relations that are developing both in the region itself and between the central government and national autonomy. This study is aimed at identifying the relationship between socio-economic transformations in China and mass migration of the population, primarily of national minorities, to Kazakhstan. Particular attention was paid to the study of the radical transformations carried out in Xinjiang province since 1955 in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR), since here the general negative consequences were aggravated by the ethno-political factor, increasing the push-out effect of the migration of the indigenous population of the ethnic minorities region. Based on the studied scientific literature, as well as the application of the method of historical detailing, several stages of China’s modernization were identified, which were uneven and extremely painful. The features of each stage were studied in details, the accumulated facts were ordered, cause-and-effect relationships were established between the political and economic development of China and the mass migration from China to Kazakhstan in the 1950–1970s. The use of a multifactorial integrated approach made it possible to understand the nature of many phenomena in the economic life of the XUAR and their dependence on political events, solving issues of nation-building, interethnic relations.

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