For citations:

Ibrashev K.N., Jumasseitova A.K., Smolyakova E.S. Criteria of effectiveness of alumni associations: the case of Kazakhstani universities. Bulletin of "Turan" University. 2024;(2):438-453. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2024-1-2-438-453