For citations:

Alshanov R.A., Tuleshov A.K., Kuatova M.Zh. Automotive industry 4.0: preconditions for the economic effectiveness of collaborative and mobile robotics. Bulletin of "Turan" University. 2025;(3):54-63. https://doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2025-1-3-54-63