Digital transformation of courier logistics in Kazakhstan: impacts on efficiency and urban sustainability

Digital transformation has become a decisive factor in reshaping courier logistics, particularly in emerging economies such as Kazakhstan. This article investigates how the integration of advanced digital technologies – including Internet of Things (IoT) solutions, artificial intelligence (AI) for routing, big data analytics, and platformbased service models – affect the efficiency and sustainability of last-mile deliveries in Kazakhstan’s major urban centers, specifically Almaty and Astana. Drawing on the Logistics Performance Index [1], OECD reports [2], and peerreviewed Kazakhstani studies, the paper applies a mixed-method approach combining systematic literature review, comparative benchmarking, and descriptive correlation analysis. The findings confirm a positive association between the adoption of digital tools and improvements in LPI sub-indicators, notably tracking and tracing and logistics competence. However, the study highlights several systemic barriers to scaling digital solutions: insufficient ICT infrastructure, fragmentation of data standards across platforms, and the absence of strong incentives for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). From a managerial perspective, the paper proposes the implementation of urban micro-hubs, open API standards for data exchange, and targeted support for SMEs and green fleets (EV and NGV). The research contributes to academic debates on sustainable urban logistics and provides practical guidance for policymakers and courier operators in Kazakhstan. Limitations include the lack of micro-level operational datasets, which constrain causal inference. Future research should apply panel econometrics and quasi-experimental designs to evaluate the measurable impacts of digital transformation initiatives on delivery times, costs, and carbon footprints.

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