Development of Kazakhstan’s machine-building industry: segments, barriers, and the potential for robotics implementation

The article provides a comprehensive assessment of the current state and development trends of the mechanical engineering industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of digital transformation and the introduction of robotic solutions. Mechanical engineering holds strategic importance in the national industrial structure. At the same time, the sector demonstrates signs of technological lag. These include a low level of automation, limited use of digital platforms, and a high dependence on imported technologies and components. This situation necessitates an empirical assessment of the digital readiness of enterprises, taking into account national industry-specific features. The aim of the study is to determine the level of digital maturity of mechanical engineering enterprises and to identify the factors constraining automation and robotization processes. The methodology includes a structural and dynamic analysis of the industry for 2020–2024. Official statistical data and foreign trade indicators were used. A survey of 150 representatives of mechanical engineering enterprises from different regions of Kazakhstan was conducted. Data processing involved grouping, comparative, and coefficient analysis methods. An original integrated digital readiness index was developed. It is based on the level of automation, the use of ERP and RPA solutions, and selfassessment of digital maturity. The calculated value amounted to 0.62 out of 2 possible points. This corresponds to the initial stage of digital transformation. A structural gap between production growth dynamics and the level of technological modernization was identified. Priority areas of automation were determined. Investment, personnel, and institutional measures aimed at stimulating digital transformation were substantiated. The findings may be used in shaping industrial policy and developing technological modernization programs.

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