Сотрудничество Казахстана и Китая в развитии среднеевразийского транспортного коридора

В статье рассматривается стратегическое партнерство в развитии системы евразийских трансконтинентальных транспортных коридоров, а также в Республике Казахстан и Китайской Народной Республике. Центральным звеном является казахстанская часть Среднего коридора (Trans-Caspian International Transport Route), представляющая собой мультимодальный маршрут, который соединит рынки Китая и Европы через территорию Казахстана и Каспийское море. Цель работы заключается в выявлении механизмов инфраструктурной синергии и факторов, определяющих устойчивость коридора, на основе анализа данных Всемирного банка (WITS и Logistics Performance Index), аналитических материалов международных организаций и научных публикаций, индексируемых Scopus. В статье обосновывается, что инвестиции в “физическую” инфраструктуру – железные дороги, порты и терминалы – обеспечивают долгосрочный экономический эффект только при их одновременном развитии торгами сопутствующих продуктов, цифровой интеграции процедур и институтов коридорного управления. Показано, что ключевым ограничением Среднего коридора остается высокая вариабельность сроков и стоимости доставки, сосредоточенная в интермодальных узлах и на трансграничных переходах. В этой связи предложена сервисная модель развития коридора, в которой приоритеты формулируются на основе показателей надежности логистического сервиса “end-to-end” и трансформации транзитных узлов в логистико-индустриальные кластеры. Практическая значимость исследования заключается в формировании рекомендаций по инвестиционной политике Казахстана и форматам кооперации с Китаем, направленных на снижение задержек, повышение предсказуемости перевозок и рост добавленной стоимости внутри страны.

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