For citations:

Chulanova Z.K., Brimbetova N.Z., Bigeldieva Z.A., Saparbek N.K. Wages in Kazakhstan: problems of regional-industrial differentiation and optimization prospects. Bulletin of "Turan" University. 2026;(2):86-97. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2026-1-2-86-97