Р. М. Рузанов
Q University
Қазақстан

э.ғ.к., жетекші ғылыми қызметкер

Алматы қ.

З. Қ. Шәукенова
ҚР ҒЖБМ ҒК Философия, саясаттану
Қазақстан

с.ғ.д., ҚР ҰҒА академигі, профессор 

1. Malthus R. (1807) An essay on the principle of population, as it affects the future improvement of society. With remarks on the speculations of Mr. Godwin, M. Condorcet, and other writers. London. Vol. 2. P. 126.(In English)

• Preston H. (1975) The changing relation between mortality and level of economic development // Population Studies. Vol. 29. No. 2. P. 231–248. (In English)
• Pritchett , Summers L.H. (1993) Wealthier is healthier. Washington, DC: World Bank Publications. Vol. 1150. P. 46. (In English)
• Cutler , Deaton A., Lleras-Muney A. (2006) The determinants of mortality // Journal of Economic Perspectives. Vol. 20. No. 3. P. 97–120. (In English)
• Roffia , Bucciol A., Hashlamoun S. (2023) (Determinants of life expectancy at birth: a longitudinal study on OECD countries // International Journal of Health Economics and Management. Vol. 23. P. 189–212. (In English)
• Li , Zhan Y. et al. (2025) Economic and social determinants of life expectancy in China // Frontiers in Public Health. Vol. 13. Article 1554336. (In English)
• Aytemiz (2024) The long-term effect of social, educational, and health expenditures on indicators of life expectancy: an empirical analysis for the OECD countries // Frontiers in Public Health. Vol. 12. Article 1497794. (In English)
• Zhang et al. (2025) Determinants of life expectancy in high longevity countries: evidence from machine learning // Frontiers in Public Health. Vol. 13. Article 1687871. (In English)
• Murtin et al. Inequalities in longevity by education in OECD countries: Insights from new OECD estimates. Paris: OECD, 2017. URL: https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2017/01/inequalities-in-longevity-by-education-in-oecd-countries_45ecb61a/6b64d9cf-en.pdf (accessed: 15.05.2026). (In English)
• Byaro , Mafwolo G., Ngereza C. (2023) Does unemployment in sub-Saharan Africa have asymmetric effects on health? A panel quantile approach // The Journal of Economic Asymmetries. Vol. 28. Article e00316. (In English)
• Bianchi , Bianchi G., Song D. (2023) The long-term impact of the COVID-19 unemployment shock on life expectancy and mortality rates // Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control. Vol. 146. Article 104581. (In English)
• World Health Ambient (outdoor) air pollution. URL: https://www.who.int/news-room/ fact-sheets/detail/ambient-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-health (accessed: 24.12.2025) (In English)
• Yu , Xu R., Ye T., Abramson M.J., Morawska L., Jalaludin B. et al. (2024) Estimates of global mortality burden associated with short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) // The Lancet Planetary Health. Vol. 8. No. 3. P. e146–e155. (In English)
• Lin et al. (2025) Health impact assessment on life expectancy gains ascribed to particulate matter reduction // npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2025. Vol. 8. P. 66. (In English)
• Orellano P., Kasdagli -I., Pérez Velasco R., Samoli E. (2024) Long-term exposure to particulate matter and mortality: an update of the WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines systematic review and meta-analysis // International Journal of Public Health. Vol. 69. Article 1607683. (In English)
• Zhang et al. (2025) Air pollution and life expectancy: the role of education and health expenditure in China // Frontiers in Public Health. Vol. 13. Article 1553039. (In English)
• Andrasfay , Goldman N. (2021) Reductions in 2020 US life expectancy due to COVID-19 and the disproportionate impact on the Black and Latino populations // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 118. No. 5. Article e2014746118. (In English)
• Schöley , Aburto J.M., Kashnitsky I., Kniffka M.S. et al. (2022) Life expectancy changes since COVID-19 // Nature Human Behaviour. Vol. 6. No. 12. P. 1649–1659. (In English)
• Polizzi et al. (2025) Indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cause-of-death analysis of life expectancy changes in 24 countries, 2015 to 2022 // PNAS Nexus. Vol. 4, No. 1. Article pgae508. (In English)
• Panzabekova Z., Digel I.E. (2020) Factors affecting life expectancy in Kazakhstan // R-Economy. Vol. 6. No. 4. P. 261–270. (In English)
• Harin D., Kojchubekov B.K. (2023) Vlijanie social’no-jekonomicheskih faktorov na ozhidaemuju prodolzhitel’nost’ zhizni // Medicina i jekologija. № 1. S. 17–20.
• Piscitelli (2025) What is the nature of life expectation’s time series? // Quality & Quantity. P. 1–15. (In Russian)
• Cai , Hu W., Yang Y., Chen S., Si A. et al. (2023) Healthy life expectancy for 202 countries up to 2030: projections with a Bayesian model ensemble // Journal of Global Health. Vol. 13. Article 04185. (In English)
• Qazaqstan Respublikasy strategialyq josparlau jäne reformalar jönındegı agenttıgınıñ ūlttyq statistika bürosy. URL: https://www.stat.gov.kz/ (ötınış berılgen künı: 15.05.2026) (In Kazakh)
• World’s most polluted countries & URL: https://www.iqair.com/world-most-polluted-countries (accessed: 24.12.2025) (In English)

А. Ж. Панзабекова
ҚР ҒЖБМ ҒК Экономика институты
Қазақстан

э.ғ.к., профессор, бас ғылыми қызметкер

Алматы қ.

А. Н. Көпбосынова
Q University
Қазақстан

кіші ғылыми қызметкер 

Алматы қ.