Digital transformation: retrospective and development of information and communication technologies in Kazakhstan

 The purpose of the article is to consider the issue of digital transformation at the level of hindsight and the development of information and communication technologies in Kazakhstan. The analysis of the formation and development of information and communication technologies in the Republic of Kazakhstan, taking place over several decades has been carried out. The main stages of development of information and communication technologies are highlighted, and features of each stage are presented. At the same time, the analysis of regulatory legal acts aimed at ensuring digitalization. Along with this, the paper considers the concept of ‘‘digitalization’’ as a key term in the process of digital transformation of society. In particular, the main characteristics of the digitalization process are highlighted and the author’s definition of this concept is presented. The  article pays special attention to the system of public services as an integral part of public administration. In the process of digital transformation, electronic public services play a special role as the main indicator of quality of life and public satisfaction. The paper considers public services as a key element of the public administration system. E-government  services are highlighted as one of the main directions of public policy, which is traced through key policy documents. 

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