For citations:

Akhatova E.Kh., Bekenova L.M., Seitkhamzina G.Zh. Retrospective analysis of urbanization stages and trends in urban development in Kazakhstan. Bulletin of "Turan" University. 2022;(3):83-94. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2022-1-3-83-94