Currently, green economy and green energy are world trends. The world's transition to a green economy cannot be ignored. Organizations that fail to adapt to these conditions face financial losses. That is why environmental compliance should be given special attention, as the risks associated with environmental legislation can be very dangerous for business. During the transition to the green economy, preserving the environment allows enterprises to adapt to new market conditions. Compliance with environmental norms, laws and regulations allows to achieve a positive result in the way of increasing the investment attractiveness of business. Currently, it also affects the status of enterprises among the population. In order to organize a comprehensive environmental audit in general enterprises, an integrated system of environmental compliance is needed and it is necessary to introduce environmental compliance into the management of the enterprise by creating synergy with the audit, which should be implemented as a process accompanying the environmental audit. It helps to timely identify and prevent weaknesses of the company in the field of environmental protection and identifies environmental risks aimed at avoiding losses during the implementation of environmental protection. This, in turn, is the way to improve the environmental situation at the level of the republic, when enterprises and businesses obey environmental legislation and implement it on their part. espite the lack of clear advantages, companies should protect the environment because it ensures that legally sound decisions are made with a view to the future. Environmental compliance is a system tool that complements management and helps to pass environmental audits at an appropriate level in environmental management.

The first cases of coronavirus infection were detected in December 2019. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the virus a pandemic. The coronavirus pandemic has led to a decline in well-being, large financial losses, economic damage, political consequences and has drastically worsened people’s quality of life. The purpose of this study is to study the role of social responsibility of business in emergency situations and during periods of struggle with their consequences. The article examines the consequences of the state of emergency in connection with the outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus infection, reviews and analyzes the domestic and international experience of social responsibility of business in a pandemic. To achieve this goal, the article analyzes GDP indicators for 2019–2021 in the context of a number of countries, examines the main directions of business social responsibility during the pandemic in several companies in Kazakhstan, in particular, caring for employees, responsibility to customers, partner support, assistance to the population. In times of emergencies and during the liquidation of their consequences, private companies, both large and small and medium-sized businesses, can also act as financial sources, along with state ones. The examples of the world experience of social responsibility of business during the pandemic are also considered were considered. The authors have compiled a diagram of the percentages of the degree of trust in brands during the coronavirus pandemic, and proposed the creation of reserve funds for business social responsibility.

At the current stage of economic development, we can increasingly see examples of partnerships between the private, non-profit and public sectors to achieve public sector goals. Non-profit organizations solve social problems of society due to the fact that the state does not have enough resources to solve social problems. In this regard, the development of social entrepreneurship, which has received special attention in developed countries in recent years, is of particular importance. Social entrepreneurship is an innovative entrepreneurial activity using innovative technologies to solve or mitigate social problems in society. Such problems can be – providing employment for people with special needs, people from socially vulnerable categories, environmental protection, education, health care, etc. As a rule, a social enterprise is formed when the initiator of its creation tries to solve a problem that he or she has faced personally. The purpose of this article is to study the state of development of social entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan, to identify the problems associated with its development at the present stage, as well as to offer its vision of solving these problems. Due to the fact that social entrepreneurship is a new phenomenon in the economy of Kazakhstan, this topic is unstudied, there are not enough scientific works on the topic of research, in this connection we find it interesting to study the features of social entrepreneurship development in the Republic of Kazakhstan from the scientific point of view. The practical relevance of the article is confirmed by the interest of quasi-governmental bodies in the topic of social entrepreneurship.

The process of formation of the social support system in Kazakhstan is associated with profound socio-economic reforms. The latest policy documents adopted in Kazakhstan are aimed not only at developing human capital, improving the quality and standard of living of the population, but also at strengthening the socio-economic protection of members of society. Conducting an adequate social policy aimed at improving the quality of life of the population is one of the most important functions of the state. The purpose of this study is to consider the problems of unemployment and poverty, social inequality, as well as the impact of public policy measures to reduce it. The methods of research were review, generalization, statistical and quantitative analysis. The information base of the study was the data of the National Statistical Bureau, which reflected the main problems of domestic social security. In the course of the study it was revealed that the implementation of state projects to increase incomes of the population did not bring the expected effect. The study showed a decrease in the real income of the population with an increase in the dynamics of nominal income, a high proportion of income inequality between the rural and urban population, and this is associated with a general slowdown in economic growth and rising inflation. In addition, the study revealed a high proportion of the self-employed population, who are unfortunately engaged in unproductive activities, which ultimately leads to an increase in poverty. In these conditions it is necessary to systematize measures of social support of the population, implementation of state projects, equalizing incomes of the population.

The article discusses the issues of technological progress impact on labor market in developed countries and Kazakhstan, to what extent the expectations of mass unemployment are justified and what measures are taken by government employment agencies to mitigate transformational risks in the labor market. Scientific works devoted to quantitative assessment of automation and labor substitution have a very controversial methodology. The article presents the results of the analysis of different approaches and methodologies to assess the impact of automation on the labor market: the approach of measuring the routine of occupations based on the tasks included in the occupation, the application of economic models to determine the impact of automation on jobs and occupations, how the level of demand affects specific types of skills; the analysis of the results of extensive surveys is presented. Based on the methodology for assessing the risk of automation, it is determined to what extent certain occupations in Kazakhstan's employment structure are at risk of automation. It is concluded that the increase in unemployment due to automation, robotization and new digital solutions in the labor market of Kazakhstan is significantly lower than in developed countries. The impact of new technologies on the labor market remains relatively small, with the potential for both job losses and job gains. The authors conclude that most pessimistic forecasts are unfounded. However, emerging trends are becoming more and more concrete, requiring proactive measures to be taken in advance to prevent job losses. Digitalization is transforming existing occupations, requiring new skills to perform new tasks. Therefore, further innovation and economic growth depend on the level of human capital development.

The article describes the domestic experience of large-scale implementation of project management and the creation of a Management Knowledge Center at Satbayev University as a segment of a research hub of modern technologies and support for the development of competencies of managers of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs). The authors focus on the problem of inconsistency of the level of managerial knowledge of Kazakhstani small business managers with the current needs of the development of companies in the dynamics of market relations, its analysis and solution. The article proposes an approach to identifying the technological maturity of an enterprise in the field of management. Scientific methods such as bibliometric analysis, keyword analysis, generalization, comparison, analysis, synthesis, classification, expert evaluation, factor analysis, embedded observation method, etc. were used in the course of the study. When choosing and forming productive management models, one of the principles of the agile-approach is applied – simplicity is the art of maximizing the amount of work that does not need to be done. The concept of enterprise management based on the ideas and principles of Agile-technologies is proposed to increase the share of their contribution to the gross domestic product of the country (GDP), contributing to an increase in the level of professional managerial competencies of the head of the organization. The process of preparation of the domestic system of formation, transfer and assessment of knowledge of owners and managers of SMEs in Kazakhstan is reflected. The obtained results and recommendations of the study, with their large-scale implementation, will significantly increase the contribution of SMEs both to the country's GDP and to the development of innovative technologies, provided that the organization's team must continuously explore and analyze possible ways to improve the efficiency of its own work, constantly exchange information on the project, be motivated and have the resources for this.

The author examines the main aspects of the development of economic science in the Republic of Kazakhstan, noting its important role in the functioning and development of society. The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of economic science in Kazakhstan as an important part of the general socio-economic policy of the state, reflecting the attitude to science, technology and innovation in the economy. The practical and effective use of the results of fundamental and applied sciences has become an important factor in the sustainable development of mankind. To strengthen the role of science in the socio-economic development of the country, it is extremely important to develop an effective mechanism for stimulating the scientific and technological development of economic and social sectors. Applied economics is formed and implemented on the basis of the interrelation and interaction of the following subjects: public administration, external experts and the scientific ecosystem in determining strategic priorities and program documents of the state. In order to identify the main challenges and problems in the field of improving the effectiveness of the formation and development of applied economics, the author conducted a research in the form of a survey. The article also noted the special role in the further development of fundamental and applied economics of the principles and provisions laid down in the annual Messages of the Head of State Kassym-Jomart Tokayev to the people of Kazakhstan. Based on the conducted research, the author provides recommendations and suggestions in the article to improve the efficiency of scientists in the field of economic science in the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the context of globalization and the transition to a new paradigm of economic development, the results of scientific research should serve as a basis for developing recommendations and economic policy measures to improve the economic sphere.

This article is devoted to the study of the interconnection and interdependence of the economies of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan), which plays an increasingly significant role in the global economy, based on its strategic location, natural resources and growing economic potential. Studying the influence of the Central Asian economies on each other helps to understand the complex web of economic ties in the region and has practical implications for solving economic problems and stimulating sustainable development in the region. The purpose of the study is to identify and assess the degree of interconnection and interdependence between the macroeconomic indicators of the countries of the region and their impact on the economic development of Kazakhstan. The assessment is carried out by the method of correlation and regression analysis based on data on the GDP of the countries of the region. The article was prepared within the framework of the grant funding project of the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan «The role of Kazakhstan in deepening regional integration of CA countries and its sustainable development goals within modern global trends» (BR18574168).

The authors of the article considered the current state and problems of attracting investment in human capital. The purpose of the study is to analyze the attraction of investments in human capital and substantiate their effectiveness. The scientific and practical significance of the study lies in the fact that an assessment was given in the areas of use of investments in human capital. Using the method of analytics of views on the theory of human capital concepts, its place in the development of socio-economic relations made it possible to determine a set of indicators that characterize the effectiveness of investments. The study analyzed the dynamics of attracting investment in human capital at the present stage, which made it possible to identify such problems as the development of human potential, the role of educational services and the system of training human resources in social reproduction. As a consequence, the existing shortcomings in the process of investing human capital depending on the level of development of the country's regions were revealed. The authors within the framework of comparative analysis substantiated the necessity of achieving priority directions of investment resources in human capital development according to the indicators that most strongly influence the level of socio-economic development. In addition, the analysis of various sources of policy documents on the strategic development of the RK, in particular, the state programs of socio-economic direction, allowed us to conclude that the results of the study will make a certain contribution to the development of measures aimed at ensuring further development of human capital, in particular, to increase the level of GRP at the present stage.

The article discusses the methods of descriptive statistics and its application for the most liquid shares of the Kazakhstan stock market KASE (trading codes: HSBK, KZTK, CCBN, KZTO, KCEL, KEGC, KZKAK) from 2007 to 2022. Descriptive statistics are calculated for each stock, such as average return, variance, sample range, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, kurtosis, and skewness. The coefficients of the regression equation and the coefficient of determination R2 are estimated, which show the relationship between the market return and the return on an individual stock. The comparative analysis of index growth of stocks was carried out from 2013 to 2022. The histogram of the frequency distribution of KASE market returns based on annual and monthly periods and its empirical distribution function have been constructed. The hypothesis about the normal distribution of returns according to the Pearson criterion was tested. The distributions of returns for many stocks do not fully correspond to the normal distribution and have a positive skewness, i.e. have a long tail on the right side. The market curve has been constructed that characterizes the dependence of stock returns on the level of risk. According to this curve, it is established that HSBK stocks are the most risky of all the considered stocks, undervalued and attractive investments for investors using an aggressive investment strategy. KEGC stocks are less risky and very attractive investments for investors who use a more conservative investment strategy in the Kazakhstani stock market.

In the context of clear geopolitical trends, foreign investment play a significant role in the development of national economies. The work’s aim is analyzing the investment attractiveness’s level of the Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and conduct a study to increase their potential, give recommendations on the assessment methodology. The main foreign investors of them are EU countries, Turkey, China and Russia. These countries are strategic regions as continental highways of trade in the world and are main producers in Eurasia, while consuming the main raw materials of the region. When determining the investment attractiveness, the key factors were substantiated by the results of world studies and the leader among the states was identified on a factor-point scale. As part of the study, the correctness of the hypothesis about the operation of the P. Samuelson principle was tested: GDP growth can be ensured through the growth of foreign investment. The conducted correlation-regression analysis helps substantiating proposals concerning the state management of investments and shows the countries’s dependence on specific factors. The methodological justification includes identify dependencies between them, the review studies, which justify the ranking criteria. The grouping investments by segmenting domestic markets made it possible to determine directions for the development of economies, to clarify further investment research and approaches to expertise. The significance of the results of the study is determined by the possibility of further development of investment state concepts, the addition of mechanisms for increasing investment in the identified deficit areas.

The form of PPP is a mutually beneficial cooperation between government and business to stimulate the growth of the national economy. The goal is to carry out an economic analysis, reveal the problems and present the prospects for the development of PPP in the face of uncertainty and the global recession. The scientific significance of the article is based on a critical study of foreign primary sources on the analysis of PPP contracts in the economy of developed countries and in the sectors of Kazakhstan. The study used the following methods a review of bibliography, statistics, logic, SWOT analysis. The results are obtained in the work the experience of advanced countries in optimizing costs, the share of state participation, the importance of institutional design is considered; the expediency of developing a form of PPP in the context of a joint decision of business and the state on the construction of infrastructure and tourist facilities is substantiated; analyzed the project “Bakad”; implemented SWOT analysis of BAKAD; a study of the level of provision of sanatorium-and-spa services was carried out; the project of tourism in the Southern region is shown; highlighted the problems of execution of PPP contracts to reduce investment, lack of funding and digitalization of tour packages; presents the prospects for PPP activities in Kazakhstan. The value of the study is expressed in the implementation of recommendations for improving the formation of PPP projects in crisis conditions.

In the article, the authors address issues related to the stimulation of urbanization processes based on the development of a system of urban services and public spaces. It is necessary to pay attention to the qualitative aspects of urbanization. In his Message to the People of Kazakhstan «Constructive public dialogue is the basis of stability and prosperity of Kazakhstan», President K. S. Tokayev noted the importance of urbanization in the country and sets the task of ensuring the management of this process. The main purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of strategies and best practices to stimulate urbanization through improving the quality and efficiency of urban services, and the development of public spaces as multifunctional objects that not only serve entertainment purposes, but also contribute to community cohesion, cultural expression and strengthening economic viability. In this study, the authors analyze historical and traditional methods of urbanization reflecting the socio-cultural, economic and environmental contexts of different epochs and regions in order to determine which methods can be used in modern realities to ensure growth, sustainability and improve the quality of life of their residents. The object of the study is urbanization as a process of growth and development of cities and the urban environment of the population. The subject of this study is the stimulation of urbanization processes. The tasks set by the researchers are to identify ways that can be successfully combined and adapted to the specific needs and aspirations of Kazakhstan in the field of urban development based on the study of the world experience in stimulating urbanization.

The object of the study is the process of functioning of enterprises of the grain products subcomplex. In the course of the study, the problem of growth rates and the peculiarities of the functioning of enterprises of the grain products subcomplex was solved. The article notes that the provision of material and technical resources plays an important role in improving the efficiency of the subcomplex of grain products. Given the importance of this branch of agriculture for the national economy, it is advisable for the state to intensify measures to support it as one of the main mechanisms for breaking negative trends characterizing the current state of agriculture. The development of a subcomplex of grain products requires its transformation, adequate to the conditions of demand for products produced in foreign and domestic markets. The fact that technical support is one of the key factors in the efficiency of agricultural, including grain, production is also indicated by the fact that in today's developed countries, the costs of maintaining, operating and updating the fleet of machinery and equipment form 40-60% of production costs.The projected level of grain production in the future should provide for a stable volume of its consumption, as well as an increase in the consumption of this valuable product for industrial processing, in particular, meeting the needs of livestock in concentrated feed, export "requests". To solve these archival tasks, it is necessary to carry out a structural reconstruction of the sown areas of grain crops in accordance with the needs of the country.

The article emphasizes the importance of the wide application of innovative and resource-saving technologies in practice in crop irrigation systems. The current situation in the water sector of the economy requires a radical improvement of the state's water management policy. The country is struggling to adapt to the new market conditions of agricultural management. Therefore, the management of the system remains difficult, water users are not interested in rational use of water, the technical condition of water management and hydro-reclamation systems is deteriorating, huge areas of irrigated land are out of economic circulation. Emerging problems in the water sector reduce the competitiveness of agricultural products and lead to high costs for the production of crop production. Therefore, it has been established that the issues of effective and rational use of land and water resources currently belong to the most important problem of socio-economic development of society. This is due to the fact that the food security of any state and the standard of living of its population are directly related to these factors. In order to solve the problem, the main available resources were proposed, that is, ways to use land and water resources with maximum productivity and efficiency, increase irrigated land in agriculture and save irrigation water. To analyze the factors influencing the efficiency indicators of total irrigation costs, a correlation and regression analysis of the usefulness of cotton products was carried out.

Despite its relatively short history, the concept of human capital has evolved into a significant number of different definitions, affecting an increasing number of elements that are inherent in the work of a modern person. The growing importance of human capital in the accumulation of national wealth, the general trends in the humanization of economic science, the peculiarities of labor characteristic of the innovative economy, led to the emergence of new elements describing a person's labor activity and labor opportunities, and the entry into circulation of a number of seemingly overlapping related categories that complemented the already existing conceptual and categorical apparatus in this area. The purpose of the article is to distinguish the main concepts developed by economic theory that characterize human labor capabilities, as well as to determine the place of the category human capital in the system of these related categories. Special attention is paid to new concepts that have arisen as a result of setting the tasks of innovative development. The result of the study is the systematization of the concepts considered in a general terminological field. Such systematization seems necessary both for theoretical clarification of the conceptual apparatus of labor market research, employment, accumulation of human resources, and for practical application in the field of state policy to improve the national education system and labor market regulation in the context of innovative development.

This research article examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security in Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study is to identify the main factors influencing the level of food security during the pandemic and to propose directions for improving it. The research methodology includes a literature review, analysis of statistical data using various logical methods of scientific knowledge such as analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, induction, deduction, and analogy. The study is comprehensive and covers a wide range of aspects influencing food security, providing valuable insights into the underlying causes of food security issues and suggesting practical solutions to enhance food security in the country. The main results of the study show that the pandemic has had a negative impact on the level of food security in Kazakhstan due to disruptions in food supply chains and the economic downturn caused by the pandemic. The analysis of statistical data highlights the need to focus on improving local food production and reducing dependence on imported food products. The study contributes to the field of food security by providing empirical evidence of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security in Kazakhstan and proposing specific directions for improving it. The practical significance of this research is that it can inform policymakers and stakeholders in the food industry about the measures that need to be taken to ensure food security in Kazakhstan during and after the pandemic.

The main purpose of the article is to consider the issues related to the digitalization of agrarian industries: the main mechanisms of support from the state in their development, the decline in labor productivity, the possibilities of wider digital implementation of innovative technologies. The authors identify the main ways and mechanisms for solving the problems of the country's agro-industrial complex development by priority stages. The National Project on the development of agro-industrial complex in Kazakhstan for 2021–2025 reflects a number of topical issues, establishing the main framework for its implementation. It is important to address the issues of modernization and diversification in the agricultural sector in order to improve the level of socio-economic development of the country. The results of modernization are reflected in the financial resources in both economic directions and generation, which affects the investment indicators. The most significant factors of modernization of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan at different levels have been identified. On their basis, the key directions of agro-industrial complex development are proposed and justified. The results of the study include conclusions and points of view of modern authors-specialists in this field. Several conclusions and programs to ensure the stability of socio-economic development of the country, including regulation of food prices, are fully differentiated.

The concept of Listening State in Kazakhstan was adopted in September 2019 in the Message of the Head of State Kassym-Jomart Tokayev to the people of Kazakhstan. Continuous activities are systematically organized to implement this concept. However, the feedback system between government agencies and the population, which is the main goal of this concept, has not yet been properly formed. In this regard, the main purpose of the study is to develop practical recommendations for improving the activities of local self-government institutions at the regional level in accordance with the concept of Listening State. Carrying out active measures for the development of local self-government, which are the main unit of society, allows us to defend the positions of public administration institutions and the interests of the population. The laws, rules and requirements adopted by the local aelf-government system are the same for all regions of the country; therefore, specific data which were obtained as an object by conducting a survey of respondents consisting of employees of local executive bodies and residents of Turkestan city. During the study, quantitative and qualitative methods were used such as 23 Gaussian Normal Distribution, Spearman Correlation, Analysis of Durbin-Watson coefficients and Regression analysis. As a result, all the methods used made it possible to draw conclusions and make decisions on the topic of the study, as well as to study and clarify common issues arising on the formation of a constructive dialogue between local self-governments and the population in the regions of the country.

The idea of corporate sustainability has acquired the status of a recognized effective means of including corporations in the process of sustainable social development. This concept implies that corporations must set and achieve not only their business goals, but also social and environmental goals. The purpose of internal control of corporations is directly related to the purposes of their existence. The purpose of this article is to revise the generally accepted principles of internal control in organizations to include the business philosophy of corporate sustainability and consideration of stakeholders' interests. The methodological basis of the study is based on the principles of the theory of sustainable social development, consideration of stakeholders' interests and the concept of corporate sustainability. The results of the study were obtained on the basis of data analysis and synthesis. The following conclusions were made based on the analysis of corporate documents regulating internal control of organizations included in the list of the UN Global Compact in Kazakhstan: the practice of internal control of achieving social and environmental goals is already applied by corporations, but it cannot be considered systematic and comprehensive, and it is not sufficiently taken into account in internal regulations. In addition, civilizational changes and implementation of the concept of sustainable development in organizations affect the objects of internal control, such as business activities and its environment, as well as the components of the internal control process, which should be conditioned by the organization's objectives.

At present, the stable development and growth of the country's economy directly depend on the quality of energy supply and the development of the energy sector. Today, the population and industry are completely dependent on energy supply. Insufficient attention from the authorities to the development of the energy sector may hold back the growth of other sectors. It is known that the demand for electricity in the future will increase due to the country's economic development. In order to further increase the efficiency of the energy sector, the government has taken a number of reforms to restructure the energy sector. However, these steps to improve the sphere have not produced results. In the future, the government should consider a number of issues to attract investment in the energy sector, including pricing, legal issues, and reforms of energy enterprises. The aim of the article is to analyze the state regulation in the energy sector, that is, the sustainable development of the industry taking into account the interests of consumers and the state at all levels. Energy sector regulation has strategic importance for the state in terms of ensuring energy security, improving the competitiveness of the economy, and promoting sustainable development. So far, the methods and management system created by the state have shown poor efficiency. In this regard, the article comprehensively studies and analyzes in detail the mechanisms of state management and regulation in the energy supply system of the country. In addition, the paper examines the elements of state management and the evolution of the energy supply system in the country, and compares the systems of state management of the energy industry in the USA, Norway, the UK, China and the Russian Federation. In the article with the help of SWOT and scientific analysis the risks in the management of the energy sector of the country are considered.

The article aims to determine the activities that include the management of migration processes, the impact on the increase or stabilization of the population, and the unity and security of the country. The impact of the migration policy on the country’s security was studied systematically, structurally, historically, behaviorally, on a comparative basis, based on social methods. The main task is to improve immigration and migration of foreigners to the country of Kazakhstan, openness of state borders, geopolitical location of the republic, stability of interethnic relations, as well as state regulation of migration and settlement processes. In this article, the problems of real socio-economic growth, development of the region, employing citizens in the country, and reaching the highest level of civilized development were considered. Kazakhstan faces a general spectrum of future development with modern conditions of economic prosperity: transformation into a civilized new state, where the negative impact of migration and landing is rooted in the economic system of a developing country, where migration and landing processes do not have any impact on the development of the country. The authors state the inability of the authorities regulating migration and landing to create an insurmountable barrier for unwanted immigrants to the state and support the acceptable entry of large ethnic groups into society, the need for new methods and tools for Migration Policy, as well as research on new initiatives. Based on statistical data on the migration process of Kazakhstan, forecast indicators for 2030–2050 have been developed.

The entrepreneurial sector plays a vital role in the economy, acting as a platform for growth and innovation. Examining the degree of entrepreneurial activity in the region might provide valuable insights. However, it is critical to recognize that entrepreneurship is influenced by a variety of linked forces and individuals. Creating a conducive environment for entrepreneurial activity is essential for several reasons. Firstly, it facilitates the transition from planned economies to market-oriented economies, serving as a key direction for market reforms. Secondly, entrepreneurship is seen as a structural state change that needs effective policies and a good economic environment to assist entrepreneurs. Lastly, studying the factors that contribute to entrepreneurial potential is crucial for fostering an entrepreneurial culture and developing strategies to support entrepreneurship. Understanding the factors influencing entrepreneurship is important for addressing social inequality, ensuring reproductive process stability, and achieving sustainable economic growth. Entrepreneurship allows people to better their socioeconomic condition, decreases inequality, increases economic expansion, and offers career opportunities. While research studies have explored the entrepreneurial activity environment in various countries, there is limited literature on Kazakhstan’s entrepreneurial activity environment. This is why, this research is laid out to assess Kazakhstan’s entrepreneurial activity environment by applying the Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index (GEDI) approach.

The article considers a practical case, using the example of an SME company, which shows the effectiveness of using the customer journey map (CJM) tool. The purpose of this study is to obtain confirmation of the effectiveness of CJM as a tool for customer analytics in the context of the activities of a Kazakhstan company a representative of SMEs. A company operating in the market of Almaty was chosen as the object of study. The subject of the study is the process of applying the customer journey map. The authors of the article obtained data confirming the impact of CJM on the company's performance level, including indicators of marketing activities and the return on efforts to organize and execute marketing activities focused on the client and using client analytics tools, as well as financial indicators. The article's content focuses on the fact that customer analytics is of particular importance in digitalization including because digitalization provides new opportunities for small and medium-sized businesses to use such tools. When conducting the study, a case study methodology was applied, which, in combination with the method of indepth interviews, allows for obtaining qualitative information about the subject of the study. The study results allow us to conclude that it is expedient to implement the customer journey map in the company's processes the object of study. The positive results and practical experience of testing CJM in the conditions of a Kazakhstani SME company indicate the possibility of replicating both the CJM tool itself among Kazakhstani small and medium-sized businesses and the experience of the article's authors in this direction.

The authors of the article investigated the impact of corruption on the level of poverty in Kazakhstan. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of corruption on poverty in Kazakhstan, and compare with estimates from other countries, including Argentina, Germany and Denmark, to identify similarities and differences. In conducting the study, the authors use the Corruption Perceptions Index and other variables such as the unemployment rate and inflation. Corruption not only breeds poverty, but also undermines state power and threatens social stability. The results of the study show that corruption has a statistically significant impact on the level of poverty in all four countries, but with different intensity. As a result, it was revealed that the focus is on the context of Kazakhstan and the lack of quantitative research on the impact of corruption on poverty in this country. In particular, in Kazakhstan, the effect of corruption on the level of poverty was less pronounced after adding additional variables. The authors suggest that less obvious mechanisms of the relationship between corruption and poverty may operate for Kazakhstan, and suggest further research directions, such as the use of nonlinear models and a more accurate choice of variables. This study provides a better understanding of the impact of corruption on poverty and emphasizes the need for further research in this area.

The essence of economic complexity is that some of the biggest social problems of our time begin to make sense only if we look at the systemic interactions that give rise to them. As an example of a systematic interaction, it is suggested that we look at the unemployment rate. Analyzing economic complexity offers a broad framework that can be applied to many social indicators. On issues related to social employment, the hypothesis of a relationship between a country's economic complexity and the unemployment rate is born. The discussion begins by examining how humans have been able to compartmentalize the process of knowledge production and organize complex interdependencies that in turn create extraordinary technologies. The purpose of this study is to prove or disprove the hypothesized relationship between the economic complexity index and the unemployment rate. Using the correlation and regression model, it was possible to identify an indirect relationship between the two indicators under study, thereby confirming the above hypothesis. Economic complexity offers a potentially powerful paradigm for understanding the key social issues and challenges of our time. Growth, development, technological change, income inequality and even unemployment are the visible results of hidden systemic interactions. Understanding the structure of these interactions and how they shape different socio-economic processes is therefore important in the study of economic complexity. The findings shed new light on the potential of economic complexity to track and predict the innovation potential of countries and interpret temporal dynamics. Economic growth could possibly pave the way for better and more unemployed populations.

This article presents an analysis of students’ perceptions in online education using Tree Classifier analysis. The study involves a survey of 460 students who participated in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. With 49 questions, the survey aims to understand students’ experiences, challenges, support received, and preferences regarding online education. The main objective is to identify a cohort of students who prefer online study over face-to-face learning. Implementing the Random Forest algorithm in Python, this study extracts valuable insights into students’ perceptions of online education. Focusing on students in Almaty city, Kazakhstan, the research allows for potential comparisons with similar international studies to inform future research and policy recommendations for improving online, face-to-face, or blended learning formats. The findings shed light on factors influencing student satisfaction, engagement, and preference for online learning. Drawing on these insights, the study provides practical recommendations to enhance the online learning experience and address the identified challenges. This research contributes to the existing knowledge on online education, serving as a valuable resource for educators, policymakers, and researchers. It offers a comprehensive understanding of students’ perceptions and preferences in online education, based on the experiences of students in Almaty city. The results, coupled with comparative analyses from other countries, inform future research and facilitate improvements in online education delivery.

STEM, which combines science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, is a predominantly male-dominated field where women do not have good chances to compete with men. At the same time, they face gender stereotypes on the way to career advancement. Despite the changing landscape in STEM, women are still underrepresented in these fields and are making insecure advances in their profession. It is due to the dominance of gender stereotypes, which significantly limit women’s career aspirations and potential opportunities. Moreover, gender stereotypes are constantly fueled by the processes of re-traditionalization that have intensified since independence in the countries of Central Asia. The purpose of the article is to identify how gender stereotypes that take place in Kazakhstan affect the career aspirations of girls in industries that are considered “male” and their choice of educational programs that are related to STEM. Although there are many scientific papers examining the impact of gender stereotypes on women in STEM around the world, they are often limited to qualitative and/or non-representative quantitative research designs. Particular attention is paid to the study of the social and cultural context of Kazakhstan, which is different from other Central Asian countries. Conducting a quantitative survey provided a deeper understanding of gender stereotypes of men and women in STEM Kazakhstan. The conclusions from the analysis of the respondents’ survey results (N=1425) may interest researchers, teachers, employers, politicians and NGO representatives, and anyone interested in promoting gender equality.

The modern world is a world that requires us to have a certain way of thinking, a non-standard approach to solving problems that arise in connection with digitalization and dynamic technological changes. The in-demand intelligence of today combines proven methods and strategies with new ways to apply them and creative ways to build them. In order for education to ensure the formation of such qualities in students, it is necessary to look for training formats that would focus on adaptability, flexibility of thinking, creativity, problem-centeredness, etc. Within the framework of the proposed article, a model of practice-oriented education is described, implemented at the D. Serikbaev East Kazakhstan Technical University (hereinafter EKTU). The purpose of the article is to highlight and justify the importance of the process of modernization of vocational education through the introduction of a practiceoriented concept of education. Practice-oriented education is interpreted as the interaction of the university and its partners for the maximum development of professional competencies and practical experience. Network cooperation with enterprises of the region and the country, on the one hand, and with leading universities and research centers, on the other, makes it possible to strengthen the activities of educational programs. One of the ways to introduce such a format of education at the university is highlighted. The level system of its implementation is also described, which consists in the phased formation of practical competencies among graduate school students and students throughout their studies at the university. The creation of a digital profile of a student’s competencies, as a result of the acquired and demonstrated competencies, is part of the implementation of such a level education. The paper also considers the concepts of SPOD-, VUCAand BANI worlds, the challenges and requirements of which determine the reformatting of the educational paradigm.