The controversy regarding the place of the Eurasian Economic Union in the economy of Kazakhstan has become especially relevant in the current geopolitical conditions. Some economists consider the Union as a booster of the economy, others as a ballast that pulls the development of the economy back. Kazakhstan is a country with an open economy, so export plays an important role in the development of the economy. This article aims to consider the role played by the export of the Republic of Kazakhstan in general, to the EEU and to countries outside the Union, as well as how the Union has influenced the diversification of the economy of Kazakhstan. The authors' review of the scientific literature on this topic showed that the analysis of Kazakhstan's foreign economic relations in the EEU is given enough attention in domestic and foreign scientific literature. However, the authors wanted to present their vision of this problem. We analyzed the impact of exports in the EEU on Kazakhstan's GDP in comparison with the impact of total exports, as well as exports to non-EEU countries. As well as an analysis of changes in the structure of exports to find out whether the Economic Union has contributed to the diversification of the economy of Kazakhstan. The study used methods of comparison, analogy, regression and factor analysis using data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as statistics of the Eurasian Commission. The results can be used in further research.

The improvement of the pricing mechanism in the field of solid household waste management (MSW) is due to the need to transition to a sustainable waste management system. The current state of affairs in the field of solid waste management is characterized by chronic underfunding. Regulatory documents on the current regulatory instruments in this area do not fully implement the regulatory impact on the financial provision of the sphere of solid waste management. In this regard, the problem of scientific research and the search for ways to improve the efficiency of the process of tariff formation for solid waste management services is extremely urgent. The article provides a critical analysis of the normative primary sources for calculating the tariff for solid waste management services and determining the norms for the formation and accumulation of municipal waste (CO). The results of experimental author's studies of calculating tariffs and determining norms in retrospect over recent years with the identification of local features in their dynamics are presented, recommendations are given to improve the organization of sample observations in determining norms, as well as determining the volume of waste exported. Based on the logic of the economic factor analysis of the regulatory model of tariff calculation, the problematic provisions of the current methodology for calculating the need for financial resources for the collection and transportation, sorting and disposal of solid waste, determining the annual tariff per unit of solid waste and determining the rate of formation and accumulation of CO, appropriate recommendations have been developed to eliminate the identified problems. The conclusions and recommendations of the study will be useful to state bodies, local representative and executive authorities, economic entities, experts interested in the development of the sphere of solid waste management.

Wages are the main source of income for Kazakhstan’s population and affect the well-being of Kazakhstanis. In this regard, managing wages at different levels becomes important, which requires identifying the main indicators that need to be influenced. The purpose of this article is to determine the factors influencing wages and the main trends in wage changes in Kazakhstan. The main methods of achieving the goal were economic-statistical and correlation analysis with the calculation of the growth coefficient and the Pearson correlation coefficient. The source base was statistical data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period from 2011 to 2022. The study identified the main trends in wage changes in Kazakhstan. Wages are rising in different sectors of the economy. However, wage levels vary significantly across industries. Significant differences are also observed among different positions and qualifications of workers. Factors influencing wages in Kazakhstan include region, gender, economic sector, qualifications, minimum wage, labor productivity, GDP and GDP per capita, average annual population and number of employed people, natural population growth. The results of the study can serve as a scientific basis for the effective implementation of the Program to increase population incomes until 2029.

To strengthen its international position, Kazakhstan is updating the transition to economic decarbonization within the framework of the adopted long-term low-carbon development strategy. This article examines the current problems of decarbonization of the mining and metallurgical industry, which is one of the largest atmospheric pollutants. General scientific methods were used, including the descriptive method, methods of retrospective and cause-and-effect analysis, generalization and structuring of initial statistical data presented in the open press. It has been established that in the current situation of economic and political challenges, the growth of investments in renewable energy sources is focused not so much on achieving environmental indicators, but rather reflects the desireof countries importing energy raw materials to increase their energy security. It is substantiated that the development of ESG principles is becoming a primary factor ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises and the priority of internal production goals of sustainable development. The study analyzes the prospects for using the best available techniques in the low-carbon development strategy of industrial enterprises. The authors conclude that achieving carbon neutrality will require the state to adopt a systematic approach to coal mining as the main source of energy generation. It is shown that institutional measures that stimulate the decarbonization of the mining and metallurgical sector of Kazakhstan in the medium and long term will increase energy efficiency and accelerate the transition of industrial enterprises to renewable energy. The example of Kazakhstan can be useful for countries expanding the presence of mining and metallurgical enterprises in the international market by mastering various decarbonization mechanisms, disclosing information on sustainable development and taking into account ESG risks.

Concepts such as growth poles and growth centres used to be interpreted as aggregate concentrations of population, natural resources, industries and services, and geographically as cities and development centres, but are now also referred to as free economic zones and technopoles. Despite the fact that the largest companies in the oilgas industry are located in Atyrau region, the manufacturing industry is not developed. There is a need to identify the growth poles and the formation of organisational and economic forms of their development in increasing the share of innovative production and activities in the oilgas chemical industry in the Atyrau region economy, occupying such unique resources as hydrocarbon raw materials. The formation of clusters in the regions will contribute to attracting investments in priority areas, activation of innovation activity, increasing export potential, making structural changes in the region. A relevant issue is the effectiveness of creating cluster structures in Atyrau region. Kazakhstan can become a real subject on innovative cluster development, offering products both on domestic and foreign markets in the raw materials direction. The prerequisites for the creation of innovation clusters on the study of economic and innovation potential in Atyrau region are considered. This article is devoted to the identification of theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation of growth poles in the development of the region's economy. The main purpose of this study is to substantiate the formation of innovation growth poles in Atyrau region. The authors conducted quantitative and qualitative analysis, assessment of economic, as well as Atyrau region innovation potential, determined the innovation activity of Atyrau region economic entities.

The research topic related to the healthcare system is relevant, as it is one of the key areas of social policy and the effective management of this system is important to ensure high-quality and affordable medical care to the population. Currently, Kazakhstan is facing a few challenges and changes that require updating and developing the theoretical foundations of management in the healthcare system. The purpose of this work to analyze and assess the current state and problems in the healthcare of Kazakhstan to develop and propose theoretical foundations of management that contribute to its more effective organization. Among the used methods were the analytical, statistical, functional, system analysis, deduction, synthesis and comparison method. The study determined the organizational of the healthcare in Kazakhstan, including the roles and functions of the main institutions and responsible for the management and provision of medical care. The quality and availability of medical care in Kazakhstan is investigated. Various theoretical concepts, models and approaches to healthcare management were studied in order to develop new theoretically sound management models that take into account the unique features of the healthcare system in the Republic of Kazakhstan. This study shows that the financing of the healthcare system is an important aspect for providing affordable medicine to all citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the course of the research within the framework of this article, scientific and practical recommendations were prepared for government agencies.

The article explores the possibilities of using the Kano method in assessing the quality of digital services. The processes of digitalization of medical services require not only the study of qualitative parameters, but also the determination of how they satisfy the needs of consumers. For a more complete assessment of the quality of digital medical services, an analysis was carried out on the parameters of the quality of digital services and the level of their significance from the point of view of consumers was determined. The results of the analysis showed that the most important parameters in the evaluation of digital medical services are ergonomic, which are aimed at creating convenience and comfort of the services provided. In this study, a survey of consumers of the medical application Damumed was conducted using the developed questionnaire using the Kano method. The analysis revealed a list of consumer characteristics that reduce and also increase the level of customer satisfaction. Based on the conducted research, it is recommended to improve the medical application Damumed in the following areas: to ensure that information on medical examinations is fully provided, uninterrupted operation on all application options, to ensure the information security of patient data, it is mandatory to have functions for calling and making an appointment with a doctor. The proposed recommendations aim to enhance customer satisfaction and, as a result, improve the quality of digital services.

In today's dynamically changing world, the small and medium-sized enterprise sector ensures the competitiveness of the state. Small business serves as a catalyst for innovation, a generator of creative solutions, and its presence creates a springboard for the country’s dynamic breakthrough. The small business sector is able to quickly respond to external turbulent changes and focus on producing in-demand goods and services for both domestic and foreign markets. Large-scale work is underway in Kazakhstan to support the SME sector. However, the share of innovative products in the GDP structure remains low. The transition from a resource-based to an innovative economy is possible with the activation of small and medium-sized businesses. The purpose of the article is to apply the concept of the quadruple helix to enhance the innovative activities of SMEs by intensifying partnership interaction. The research methodology is based on presenting the role of SMEs in the innovative development of the state. Based on the calculated correlation indicators of the effectiveness of investments in innovation in Kazakhstan, the authors made conclusions about the need for state support in segments that provide breakthrough innovations. The authors used general scientific, statistical, correlation, and retrospective methods of analysis. In the context of digitalization of economic sectors, a model of interaction between stakeholders of a regional digital technology platform has been proposed to enhance the innovative activities of SMEs. The results can be used by government agencies and representatives of higher education to ensure the transition from a resource-based to innovative economy.

In a market economy, it is important to improve the technology of work and the efficiency of resource management. One of the most effective ways to attract investments for their development is to use the mechanism of public-private partnership (PPP). PPP occupies an important place in the economy, affects the development of entrepreneurship, production, social sphere and modernization of the economy. With limited budgetary resources, PPP can also be considered as a new mechanism for attracting investments into the country's economy. In the article the authors tried to determine whether the interests of the state and entrepreneurship in the innovation sphere coincide to the greatest extent, and whether the joint resource power of the parties can contribute to the growth of priority sectors of the economy, increase the share of Kazakhstani goods and services in the foreign market of high-tech and knowledge-intensive products. In this regard, the authors propose a methodology and mechanism proving that the successful solution of innovative directions of entrepreneurship development in the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan can be developed on the basis of the PPP mechanism. The implementation of innovation policy based on this idea and position is impossible without joint and coordinated work of the state and business sectors at all stages of the innovation process. The authors have comprehensively studied the role of the mechanism of public-private partnership in the innovative development of entrepreneurship. In addition, the modern conditions, when the financial and economic crisis has aggravated in the Republic of Kazakhstan, in which there are problems in the development of PPP, considered in the article deeply and comprehensively, are taken into account. A high level of management of innovation processes in private entrepreneurial structures functioning on the basis of PPP is envisaged as a mechanism for activation of innovative development of the country.

This article discusses effective personnel management in rehabilitation centers in Kazakhstan. In modern business, with its inherent volatile competitive environment, the implementation of effective activities is impossible without effective personnel management. As a result of sociological research, the degree of satisfaction with the incentive system for medical personnel of the Rehabilitation Center Kokshe was revealed. From these data it can be seen that for the employees of the rehabilitation center, the most significant motivational factors are economic methods, and among the preferred motivational methods are socio-psychological ones. To substantiate the importance of applying socio-psychological methods in the system of medical personnel management and the formation of a personnel management model, methodological approaches of classical theories of motivation were considered: a questionnaire according to A. Maslow's theory and F. Herzberg 's tests. The effectiveness of the organization's activities is determined by the ratio of the results achieved and the resources expended on this and is made up of the efficiency of using various factors, one of which is motivated work. The success of healthcare institutions, including rehabilitation centers, depends on the extent to which medical workers realize their professional potential. We have proposed a more advanced and effective management approach – the KPI method for motivating medical personnel in Kazakhstan, which allows us to organically combine material and non-material incentives with the motivational impact of all healthcare workers. The presented calculations showed that the introduction of personnel assessment according to the KPI system for all medical services will provide a multiplier effect and improve the competitiveness of rehabilitation centers and healthcare in general.

The article presents the problems of development of the private equity fund market in Kazakhstan, examines the current structure of the private equity fund market and its main participants; the impact of private equity fundson the performance of companies in the agro-industrial sector is discussed. The purpose of the work is to obtain a quantitative assessment of the company’s performance through its investment by a private equity fund based on the use of economic and mathematical modeling. Private equity funds, entering the share capital of the invested company, not only bring material investments, but also improve the company’s management. The paper highlights factors that influence the efficiency of the invested company the introduction of corporate governance practices, systematic risk management, and the quality of human capital. Based on economic and mathematical modeling, a quantitative assessment was made of the impact of cooperation of a private equity fund on the company’s financial performance operating profitability and return on equity. The increase in the estimated operating profitability in the post-investment stage proves the authors’ hypothesis about the positive impact of private equity funds on the company’s performance.

The issues of goose and duck farming have not been raised at the economic level for a long time. Over the last decade, National Statistics Bureau Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan has not had information on the development of this type of poultry farming. Due to it the authors raised questions about the need for and prospects of the industry. The purpose of the article is to show the possible prospects for expanding the production of goose and duck breeding in our country as well as to identify the barriers that hinder their development. The results of the study can be applied in agricultural formations, peasant or farm enterprises. The abstract– logical method allows you to reveal the opportunities for Kazakhstan to develop poultry in the form of geese and ducks; the statistical method helped the authors to consider options for the development of the market for ducks and geese by using examples from other countries. In the world practice the meat of geese and ducks, which contains biologically valuable proteins and lipids. It has a higher energy value, as well as a high quality of production under relatively light conditions for care and cultivation. The authors give a comparative characteristic of the energy value of various types of meat, show options for using additional products of domestic waterfowl. Statistics on the prices of goose and duck meat, characteristics of their consumer properties, and recommendations for improving the development of the industry are given. The issues of food security of the population can be solved by expanding the market under consideration and through cooperation with stable agricultural and processing enterprises. Business development requires a small amount of government support in the form of concessional lending, temporary reduction or elimination of taxes.

In modern conditions, most developed countries of the world have moved away from the linear model of economy, which leads to the depletion of natural resources, degradation of the environment and health. They have opted for a green growth strategy based on the use of innovative technologies. Despite the fact that production and consumption waste management is one of the main directions of implementation of the Concept on Transition of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) to a “green economy”, an effective system of collection and recycling has not been created in the sphere of municipal solid waste (MSW), which causes many problems. The aim of the study is to find opportunities for innovative business models for recycling and reuse of MSW in Kazakhstan. The theoretical significance of the article lies in the fact that based on the identification of the essence, principles and models of circular economy the necessity of active development of eco-entrepreneurship in the field of waste is justified. The practical significance lies in the problems of MSW sector and the main ways to solve them. To eliminate these problems and obstacles it is proposed to use innovative business models for waste recycling into secondary raw materials, to create conditions for the activation of the “green business”, based on the principles of closed-cycle economy. The study concluded that the MSW sector in Kazakhstan is a promising niche for the development of eco-entrepreneurship. It is recommended to use the circular principles, business models, create favourable conditions for business activities.

Against the backdrop of global changes, the world entertainment and media industry faces new challenges and opportunities. This article examines the impact of digital technologies on this sector and analyzes the consequences of such changes for the development of creative industries within a country's economy. Digitalization and the transformation of the overall employment structure contribute to the growth of the creative economy sector and increase its share in the national economy, even in times of crisis. According to forecasts, in the medium term, the advancement of digital technologies will lead to a reduction of up to half of the existing jobs. One of the most promising directions for preserving jobs and creating new ones are the creative industries, which are closely related to human creative activity that cannot be automated. The creative industry sector offers extensive opportunities for alternative employment, including for women, young people, and individuals with limited health capabilities, which is especially relevant during economic downturns. The creative industry sector has the potential to generate high added value, making it attractive for both entrepreneurs and investors. Emphasis is placed on the following aspects: the introduction of innovative tools and platforms and new business models in the creative industries, which are based on the use of digital technologies. The article emphasizes that, despite all technological innovations, the human element remains paramount – unique vision, talent, and passion for creativity. Nonetheless, understanding and skillful use of digital tools can be the key to successful development in the field of creative industries.

The study of life quality and level issues has always been at the forefront of state programs, theoretical and practical research in the scientific community. In the context of these studies, the diagnosis of the socio-economic development of cities, with key criteria being indicators of the population's life quality and well-being, was vital. Therefore, deepening understanding of these issues in various types of urban settlements, especially small and monocities, is a necessary requirement for conducting scientific research. In this article, the life quality and level of the population were assessed based on both objective and subjective indicators using a comprehensive methodology developed by the authors. Furthermore, this methodology was validated through the analysis of statistical data, expert and population surveys, using the example of the monocity Balkhash. The research results were obtained by ranking the main factors of PESTEL analysis that influence urban living comfort. The study revealed that the economic factor had the greatest impact on the life quality in the monocityBalkhash over the past ten years (2013-2022). The analysis of the population's satisfaction with the quality of life in the current period (2023) showed that political, social, technological, and environmental factors were mutually influential. This analysis allowed for an expert assessment to identify the key factors that may have an impact on the quality of life in the monocity Balkhash in the near future. The cross-analysis results can be used for effective resource allocation management and the creation of a comfortable urban environment for the residents of this area.

Education and the labor market are closely linked. Today there is demand in Kazakhstan, but there is no decent supply, especially for working professions.The unemployment rate in the country in 2021 was 4.9 percent. This means that more than 450 thousand Kazakhstanis are unemployed. However, according to economic experts, there are much more real figures. The purpose of the research work is to develop theoretical provisions and scientifically based recommendations for the development of the work of public institutions and their integration into the global economy in the conditions of modern technological transformation. The new results obtained will allow us to study the international labor market and assess the impact of modern technological changes on its development, to propose new comprehensive approaches to overcoming the imbalance in the labor market and the development of public policy that promotes its development in new directions in the field of labor relations. When writing the research work, theoretical methods were used: comparison, analysis and economic forecasts. Information-analytical and statistical data are also presented. The place of public institutions and their work in the field of employment was analyzed, methodological data with the indication of domestic and foreign experience in the development of proposals were used.

The goal of the research is to characterize the impact of social protection measures on rural households. A broad description of the current literature on social protection measures rationalizes the choice of methods for this article. Methods of dialectical, analysis and synthesis, comparison, analogy, abstract-logical, monographic, economic-statistical methods were used. The current trends in the implementation of social protection of the population in rural areas are revealed. The core of the analysis is that social protection of the population is a necessary component of the economy, so reforms in this area should be effective both in the short and long term. It is noted that Kazakhstan is constantly improving the legislative framework in the field of social policy. The factors affecting the transformation of social protection are outlined. Measures of social protection of rural population are evaluated. Direct and indirect relationship between the social sphere and socio-economic development of society is characterized. It is revealed that various practices of digitalization of social sphere have become actively implemented in rural areas. These are online counseling, video counseling, web-based programs, virtual reality for the rehabilitation of persons with disabilities. There is an active transition from the declarative nature of social services to the digital space. The authors conclude that social protection brings social benefits, contributing to the sustainable development of rural areas.

The importance of microcredit in solving social problems of the state is reflected in the strategic objectives and target indicators of the Concept for the Development of the Financial Sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2030. Based on the regulator's public reporting materials, the article analyzes the activities of microfinance organizations providing microcredit to both individuals and small businesses. An assessment of the regulatory framework governing the activities of microcredit market participants was carried out, current changes in the rules for granting microcredits electronically and the borrower's debt burden ratio were considered. An assessment of the strategic directions for the development of microcredit, aimed at implementing systemic reforms in the financial sector is given. The authors studied the world experience of microcredit conditions in different countries of Europe, Africa, Australia and Asia and highlighted the most successful global practices of the functioning of microfinance organizations, innovative products and technologies that will help improve the efficiency of the microloan market in Kazakhstan. Proposals to increase the access of business entities to credit resources and financial services are substantiated. For expanding the range of services provided by microfinance organizations and improving their quality are stated. The possibilities of expanding the sources of funding for microfinance organizations and reducing the cost of credit resources are revealed, which will subsequently serve to increase the share of small businesses in the structure of the gross domestic product, increase real labor productivity and reduce the share of the non-observed economy.

The research topic is relevant due to the fact that the financial system belongs to the main and important areas of sustainable development of any country. The relevance of the article lies in the need to develop our Kazakhstan FM, to increase the stability and reliability of the STB. The purpose of the research topic is to reflect the role and importance of own financial management (hereinafter FM) in the activities of second-tier banks (hereinafter STB) as the main factor of sustainable growth and development of its stability. The article reflects the importance and value of adapting and developing one's FM in the activities of banks, taking into account the available resources and opportunities, the current market situation. In the course of the study, it was revealed that in order to improve the quality of management of banks' resources, more flexible ways of improving FM are needed. During the research, financial analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, economic and statistical evaluation, etc. were used. The materials of the scientific research were statistical data of the STB RK and Halyk Bank for 2018–2023, legal documents and analytical reports on this topic. The research proves the need for own FM, reveals the theoretical and applied aspects of the development and adaptation of FM in commercial banks of the Republic of Kazakhstan, to improve the quality of staff work, and increase the stability of STB. Despite the fact that many scientists consider FM issues; this problem remains not fully studied for Kazakhstan.

This article discusses the main current processes of trade and economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and the region of Southeast Asia, in the current geopolitical conditions of the formation of the latest model of trade and economic interaction in the world. According to the available world trade forecasts, in the medium term, the large volumes of all world trade will move specifically to the region of Southeast Asia. This is due to several factors, including changing geopolitical conditions, changing delivery routes and increased interest from international investors. Kazakhstan, given the lack of access to the World Ocean, have to make significant efforts to build accessible logistics in the direction of the European Union – Southeast Asia, which will increase transit flows through Kazakhstan territory. In addition, it is necessary to carry out more active work to promote domestic enterprises to the market of Southeast Asian countries. Particular emphasis in the course of this research work was placed on the opportunities and potential for increasing Kazakhstani exports to Southeast Asian countries, using the Comparative Advantage Index. As a result,the main categories of goods that have a certain competitiveness in the market of the Southeast Asian countries are determined, considering imports to the region from third countries. In general, Kazakhstan can increase its trade with Southeast Asia through improving transportation infrastructure, improving the legislative framework, and increasing its presence at events in the region.This work will be of interest both to representatives of the diplomatic corps of Kazakhstan and representatives of the business community interested in selling their products to the markets of the countries of Southeast Asia.

The main purpose of the article is to determine the degree of interrelation of indicators of sustainable development of regions by forming models of sustainable development of tourist destinations as an inclusive tool of international tourism and building a model of sustainable development of tourist destinations. To analyze the situation, the authors consider a model that includes East Kazakhstan, Almaty regions and the city of Almaty. The study revealed the conceptual significance and influence of 6 indicators in the system of inclusive indicators of regional development. The development of tourism in an inclusive direction is one of the main directions in the national development strategies of international organizations and developed countries. Therefore, the study of international tourism as an instrument of inclusive development of regions reveals the relevance of this work. The main tools were generalizations, comparisons, economic, statistical analysis, as well as to determine each indicator of sustainability, the arithmetic mean of the indicators for determining the degree and value of the specific gravity was used, correlation analysis, Pearson linear correlation coefficients were used to correlate the indicators of sustainable development of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the regions under consideration. The authors propose an integrated approach as a tool for integration, systematization of the management process and indicators that affect the achievement of goals. It is recommended to form a mechanism in the field of ensuring the necessary level of stability of the development of tourist regions, allowing the formation of further mechanisms.

The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that today innovation is necessary in many areas, including tourism. The developing tourism industry needs to find new approaches to increase its competitiveness. The ability to interest tourists in their activities is a guarantee of stable income and business development, which is also facilitated by innovations that will distinguish the company from others. The scale and dynamics of changes in innovation activities have determined the need for research, systematization and streamlining of scientific knowledge and approaches in this area. Thus, the object of the study was innovative processes in tourism. The purpose of the work is to reveal the essence and significance of innovative tourism. To do this, the article carried out a comprehensive analysis of existing approaches to the definition of the terms innovation, innovation, innovation process, innovation in the tourism industry. The scientific and practical significance lies in the fact that the results of the study can be used by scientists and students involved in research on the problem, tourism companies to develop and implement plans for the introduction of innovative products and services, as well as state and local executive bodies to develop strategic and tactical plans. development of the tourism industry in Kazakhstan. The study is based on the methods of theoretical analysis: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. The study revealed the main features of innovation in the tourism industry. The result of the analysis was the author's definition of innovative tourism.

The study is aimed at analyzing the development of ecological tourism in specially protected natural areas in Almaty region using a systematic approach. The purpose of the study is to comprehensively analyze and develop a strategy for the development of ecological tourism in this region. The study is based on the relationship between natural areas and tourism infrastructure, taking into account all factors and influences. To achieve the goal, various research methods were applied. A search for scientific materials on Scopus, Web of Science, ResearchGate, Google Scholar and other platforms was conducted. Keywords for the search included «ecotourism», «specially protected natural areas», «tourism», «nature protection», «system analysis», «tourism in Almaty region». The search for materials was conducted for two months, from February to May 2023. Domestic and foreign experience was studied on the materials devoted to the topic of ecological tourism development. Also during the study a comparative analysis and SWOT-analysis of ecological tourism development in specially protected areas of Almaty region was conducted. The results of the study indicate methods for the conservation of natural heritage and biodiversity in the development of ecotourism. They emphasize the importance of sustainable use of resources, compliance with environmental standards and principles of environmental responsibility. The role of local community participation in ecotourism development is also emphasized to preserve cultural heritage, ensure sustainable development and create positive interaction between tourists and local people.

If we consider the construction market as a type of economic activity, the market provides for the creation of objects, measures for their restoration. The project has goals, prerequisites for implementation and takes into account the individual characteristics of both the project and the construction site. The basis for effective and high-quality project implementation is an effective project management system. Currently, in the organizations of the construction industry, the most widespread project-oriented management approach. More and more construction organizations, in order to quickly and timely respond to emerging changes, come to the realization of the need to standardize project management processes. The purpose of the study is to analyze the level of maturity of construction companies in the Republic of Kazakhstan. For this, an adapted Berkeley model was used to assess the maturity of project management in construction companies of the Republic of Kazakhstan, on the basis of which the intensity of the use of project management processes in construction projects was analyzed. In the article, depending on the tasks to be solved, methods of scientific abstraction, system analysis, comparative analysis, models of the project management maturity level, a quantitative survey method, etc. are used. The novelty and result of the study is the adapted Berkeley project management maturity model, combined with the processes of the PMBOK international project management standard, to assess the maturity of project management in the construction sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

This article is aimed at the important concepts of the development of a democratic state is the development of civil society. During the period of Kazakhstan's independence, the non-governmental sector went through several stages of fundamental development, which showed a dynamic growth in the number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). At the same time, in the context of globalization and for the development of a constructive public dialogue, the mechanism of interaction between the state and NGOs should be improved. The purpose of this article is to identify the best concepts of interaction between the state and NGOs based on the analysis of international experience to enhance the role of interaction between government agencies and NGOs. The methodology of the research is the study of foreign scientific articles from different states with the greatest experience in building relationships with the civil sector and the analysis of the current state of the mechanisms of interaction between the state and NGOs in the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as statistical data of the authorized body for the development of the civil sector. In this study, the authors focus on the issue of cooperation between the state and NGOs, where there is a low participation of the non-governmental sector in solving socio-economic problems of the country and the imperfection of state mechanisms in the interaction of dialogue with society.

The modern aviation market, being one of the key sectors of the global economy, faces many challenges. From technological innovations and striving for sustainability of environmental practices to economic and political crises, these factors have an impact on the operational activities of airlines. Given the complexity and dynamism of the industry, effective management of airline resources becomes a priority, and in this context, management accounting plays a crucial role. The relevance of the research topic is determined by several key points. First of all, the unstable economic situation caused by global crises, as well as the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, have imposed new requirements on anti-crisis management mechanisms in aviation. Management accounting provides airline managers with the necessary information to make informed decisions in a crisis. The structure of management accounting has specific features. Such a study will help identify weak links, identify potential risks and develop recommendations for improving the management accounting system in airlines to increase their competitiveness and resistance to external shocks. The purpose of the study is to study the structure of airline management accounting in the context of crisis management in order to offer recommendations for optimizing accounting procedures. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that this study can give an idea of practices and methodologies that could be adapted or applied in Kazakh airlines. Research methods are analysis, analysis of financial statements, comparative analysis, literature research.

This article discusses the competitiveness of various modes of transport in Kazakhstan and provides an assessment of the main factors influencing the choice of transportation modes within the realm of economics. The comprehensive rating system aimed at evaluating the competitiveness of different transportation modes in Kazakhstan. Drawing upon various perspectives and analytical methodologies, this system proves to be a valuable tool for politicians and stakeholders seeking to optimize Kazakhstan transportation system. The primary objective of this study is to examine which of the selected factors has the most significant impact on Kazakhstan's decisions regarding the choice of transportation vehicles. The thorough analysis of key literature sources was carried out and a methodology based on our findings was selected. The methodological approach involves the creation of multi-factor regression models utilizing the EViews10 data analysis software package. The research dataset encompasses data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan's Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms for the years 2013 to 2022. Calculations derived from our research revealed that the selected factors have varying effects on different types of transportation. As a result of this study, it becomes possible to formulate recommendations for state policies in the realm of transportation infrastructure and its implications for economic and social development, with a specific focus on enhancing vehicle capacity. The study's findings are of relevance to transportation companies and governmental entities responsible for managing the transportation system.

In recent years due to the international economic crisis, the most complex and long-term problems have aggravated in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the resolution of which is strategic importance for the economic well-being of the country and its resilience to external influences. The main goal of further economic development is not only the stabilization and growth of industry, but also the development of industrial and social infrastructure. Nevertheless, issue of infrastructure funding is still open and struggling. As a developing country it takes big deal to borrow from foreign banks. Moreover, the additional leverage appears in a face of currency volatility which is highly distress country economic growth. This paper unveils the actual issues of infrastructure development, adopting Islamic finance in Kazakhstan with legal perspectives and the solution for them in the form of Sukuk issuance model. In this regard, legal perspective should be addressed since regulation on Sukuk is not well accommodated in the existing regulation by both AIFC (Astana International Financial Center) as well as Kazakhstan jurisdiction. Sukuk can expand financial services, assist to develop domestic capital market and provide infrastructure funding without government budget support. Therefore, this paper implies to domestic regulation as set by both AIFC and Kazakhstan mainland jurisdiction.

In this article, the authors considered the principles of the budget system, implemented their comparative differentiation and analyzed the process of moving funds from one level to another in the form of a transfer of funds in inter-budgetary relations. Inequality of tendencies of formation of budget revenues in these regions is also noted, the needs for the emergence of inter-budget relations and the volume of gross domestic product in the territory of the republic with low concentration of the number and volume of large producers in the domestic market are determined in the context of regions. During the study, the authors also analyzed the volume of subventions from the republican budget, budget exemptions from the local budget and the ratio of subventions to budget exemptions: it is noted that the mechanism of subventions and exemptions leads to a decrease in the share of tax revenues in local budgets against the background of growth of transfers from the republican budget, which, in turn, contributes to a decrease in the independence of local authorities. The main purpose of the scientific article is to analyze the financial policy of the state with regard to the optimization of inter-budget relations in the RK, to identify problems and consider ways of solution. In assessing the state and identifying the problems of inter-budget relations in the country used general scientific methods of research, methods of statistical and comparative analysis. According to the results of the study it was established that to increase the tenge of inter-budget relations a number of measures are taken, in particular, the work on expanding financial autonomy and stimulating local executive bodies to develop the regional economy and increase the revenues of local budgets has been implemented. The conclusions and proposals of the study can serve as a scientific basis for the implementation of policies related to inter-budget relations of the RK.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of digital transformation processes in business on economic performance and innovative development in the Republic of Kazakhstan. To achieve this goal, data covering 2013–2022 was used, and statistical analysis methods were applied. As part of the research methodology, an analysis of the level of digital activity of enterprises was carried out, as well as an assessment of indicators of innovation activity. Statistical models are used to study in detail the impact of digital transformation on the economy and innovation. The leading indicators that the analysis focused on were the level of use of information and communication technologies by businesses, access to Internet resources, and the participation of firms in ordering and receiving orders online. In addition, the share of innovative products in total GDP is considered. The results obtained indicate positive trends in the process of digitalization of enterprises in Kazakhstan. The impact of digital transformation on the economy, measured by GDP, was less pronounced compared to the impact on innovation. Key indicators, such as Internet access and ICT use, are identified that demonstrate the statistically significant impact of digitalization on business. The study recommends several measures, including stimulating innovation through digitalization, supporting the development of information and communication technologies, and monitoring and regulatory measures to support digital and innovative development in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Kazakhstan economy is now deeply entwined with the global economic relations framework. An increase in the amount of imports into the nation is a result of economic progress, which draws in capital and technology as well as increasing consumer spending. The needs of economy for consumer, investment, and intermediate products are all met by the expansion in import deliveries, which puts some strain on the balance of payments' current account. This begs the question of how reasonable the current level of imports in relation to other nations is at this point in the country's development. Increasing the domestic value added to this sector's products is a major way to boost its economic impact. The goal of the article is to assess the light industry and develop a marketing strategy to raise the value of goods inside the nation. This article is centered on the creation and execution of strategies to enhance domestic value in the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) light industry sector. These strategies are in line with the country's objective of attaining a minimum of 90% share of domestic purchases by 2021. The research focuses on the five safeguards included in the "Kazakhstan–2050" development plan, which are meant to support and preserve regional producers.

In modern society, there are active processes of globalization and intercultural interaction. In this case, the issue of identity at personal, social, ethnic, religious and other levels is important. Among them, at the present stage, the issue of the formation and strengthening of civic identity is one of the issues on the agenda of states. Elements of the civil identity structure undergo changes at every stage and have their own characteristics in each state. However, at each stage, components such as a sense of citizenship, a positive or negative attitude towards state membership, and the desire to ensure the common good are common to all. It should be taken into account that the formation and strengthening of civic identity is also influenced by factors such as language, social environment, culture, education system, media, family, legal framework (laws, rules, etc.), the situation in the state, moral norms, etc. The degree of their influence depends on the specifics of society. The education system as one of the factors of the formation of civic identity currently requires study. After all, given that modern challenges are aimed at destabilizing the political, economic, cultural and other spheres of life of states, one of the most vulnerable groups is the youth. The article examines the influence of the education system on the formation of civic identity at the present stage. The peculiarities of the formation of civic identity among young people studying in higher educational institutions are also revealed. Considering that the process of socialization of a person at a young age takes place quickly and efficiently, one should not forget about the need to begin the formation of a civic identity from an early age of a person. This begins primarily with the upbringing and assimilation of principles in educational institutions after the family. In this regard, the main purpose of the article is to determine the role and importance of education in educational institutions in the process of forming the civic identity of young people.

The article contains an analysis of discussions of issues related to modern migration processes in Eurasia, held at the international conference “The Future of the Eurasian Migration System”. The conference, held by the Center for Regional Studies of Turan University, became an important event in the scientific life of Kazakhstan. During the two days of the conference, thirty-seven papers by scholars and experts from eighteen countries were delivered at eight sessions. The topics of the reports reflected the geopolitical changes of recent times, referred to by some researchers to as an “era of turbulence.” The conference participants paid much attention to migration from Russia, Ukraine and Central Asian countries.