This article focuses on the importance of eco- foresight research in shaping the country’s science development strategy in the field of green economy. The transition to a green economy requires balancing economic growth with environmental conservation, and finding a balanced model is a complex task that many specialists are actively working on. Ecoforesight, which involves the use of foresight methodology in the environmental field, plays a crucial role in identifying potential opportunities and risks for the natural environment associated with landmark innovations and global economic trends. The study aims to assess the long-term environmental impacts of current industrial activities and strategic planning of national industrial policies regarding green technologies. Scenario modeling, especially in the field of green technologies, is an important aspect of environmental forecasting due to its long-time horizons and numerous uncertainties. The article emphasizes the importance of eco- foresight research in ensuring sustainable development and innovation in the context of global strategic trends.

The article considers the concept of “investment in human capital”, presents a theoretical and instrumental interpretation of the main components of human capital. The current assessment methods and indicators that characterize the effectiveness of investments in human capital are summarized. Also, a comprehensive and critical analysis of the current methodological aspects for assessing the effectiveness of investments in human capital was made. Education is considered as a property in the form of professional features and self-growing value on the basis of increasing labour productivity of an employee, which is correspondingly distinguished by the growth of wages. Creation of the methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of investments in education at the macroeconomic level is based on the comparison of public investments in education and average wages in the country. The average wage is considered as a productive indicator of the effectiveness of investments in education. The money that is spent on the education of the younger generation, in the foreseeable future will establish the degree of education of the population of the state and, in turn, its competitive advantage in the global community. The proposed model for assessing the effectiveness of investment in education is simple and convenient, it is able to link the efficiency of the firm's activities and the cost of human capital. The article shows the results of the assessment of investment efficiency of the implementation of the State Programme of Education and Science Development of RK for 2020–2025. The analysis of statistical data for Kazakhstan also shows the existence of a close relationship between the remuneration of employees and the volume of investment in education. The article has both theoretical and practical relevance, as it is related to the State Programme “Digital Kazakhstan” with the direction “Human Capital Development” and the topic is in relevant.

Ensuring gender equality in leadership positions and empowering women is essential for sustainable development. As part of the evolution of leadership, the role of women leaders in modern management is becoming increasingly important, in connection with which new perspectives are opening up. Not only scientists but also politicians and business people show interest in this scientific direction, and the very phenomenon of women leaders can radically break the stereotypes that are a barrier to the modernization of society. The primary purpose of this study is to explore women's leadership and designate the role of women based on the analysis of the results of secondary and primary data collected using desk and field research methods, such as a literature review and a quantitative survey (N=238). The results led to the conclusion that women leaders, unlike men, are more likely to create an atmosphere of respect, trust, and support in the team and publicly recognize subordinates' contributions to corporate activities. Male managers, in turn, tend to motivate subordinates based on their individual preferences. This work represents a significant contribution to the knowledge related to management and leadership and offers new research points of view. The study results can be applied in practice, providing companies and their leaders with ideas on how to maximize the potential and opportunities of women in management.

In the course of the present research the authors conducted a literary review of 16 scientific publications, including 2 textbooks, 2 monographs, 3 articles in international journals Scopus, 4 articles in journals recommended by CQASHE of MSHE of the RK, 5 articles in the database Google Scholar. As an analysis of the literature shows, the issues of tools and technologies for promotion in the Internet environment remain open and debatable. One of the most important digital solutions for product promotion are virtual exhibitions, which, however, have not been sufficiently studied and reflected in modern scientific literature on marketing. Therefore, virtual exhibitions are the subject of study in this paper. The purpose of the study is to develop practical recommendations for organizing and holding virtual exhibitions as an effective tool for the successful promotion of goods and services on the market. The main directions of the research are the study of world, Russian and domestic experience in carrying out online exhibition activities for its use in the activities of Kazakh enterprises. The idea of the study is to create a virtual platform in Kazakhstan to assist national firms in holding virtual exhibitions. The results of the study are that the authors have developed a model of marketing technologies for promoting products on the Internet, and offered practical recommendations for the creation and operation of a specialized exhibition company for organizing virtual exhibitions. Kazakh companies can use the authors’ recommendations for holding virtual exhibitions to successfully promote their products. In addition, the results of the study will be used to teach courses in «Digital Marketing» and «Marketing Communications».

The macroeconomic policy of the state is the main lever supporting the growth of the country’s economy, creating favorable conditions for introducing various industry enterprises based on economic integration associations and cooperation of the participating countries.The article offers an analysis of the modern macroeconomic environment and its impact on the economic behavior of Kazakhstan’s population, which emphasizes the important guidelines of the economy.The article examines the investment climate, conducts a comprehensive analysis of the macroeconomic environment’s factors that affect the economic consciousness of the population, and examines corruption indices that measure the level of corruption perception in the country’s public sector. Various economic factors and their impact on the economic environment are disclosed and processed for analysis. For analyzing the current macroeconomic situation in Kazakhstan, it is necessary to have a reliable source on the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators of the country’s economic development, as well as to identify current development trends. In the course of the work, a PEST analysis of macroeconomic environment’s factors affecting the Kazakhstani population’s economic consciousness was carried out, which allowed us to draw a positive conclusion that the macroeconomic environment is the state of the country's economy, a complex of internal and external factors, conditions, indicators affecting the economic behavior of subjects. During the PEST analysis of the factors of the macroeconomic environment, political, technological and socio-cultural factors affecting the economic consciousness of the population are shown. Not only the state, enterprises or individuals control the microeconomic environment, there are factors that have an indirect impact on the current state and development of the country or enterprise.

Sustainable development of the territory allows overcoming crisis situations in the economy and social sphere. The essence of the concept of sustainable development derives from the concept of "triple bottom line", which implies a balance between environmental sustainability, which aims to maintain the quality of the environment necessary for economic activity and the quality of life of people; social sustainability, which seeks to ensure human rights and equality, respect for cultural diversity, race and religion; economic sustainability, which is necessary to maintain natural, social and human capital relevant for income generation. The purpose of this study is to develop an approach to assessing the sustainable development of a territory, reflecting the characteristics of Kazakhstan’s regions and testing the proposed methodology using the example of the East Kazakhstan region. The authors of the article in this study are based on the application of deduction and induction methods, a comprehensive approach to the study of the research object, methods of general economic analysis – comparison, average values, methods of factor analysis. As a result of the analysis of socio-economic and environmental development of the East-Kazakhstan region, the authors found that the social and economic indicators of the region are in a relatively satisfactory condition. The region occupies a leading position among the regions with predominantly industrially oriented economy. In addition, the use of natural potential allows the region to maintain a strong position against the background of regions with a relatively agrarian-oriented economy. However, the analysis of the environmental component of sustainable development has shown that the relatively high performance of the region in terms of economic and social development was made possible by ignoring the value of the environmental potential. Consequently, the current development of the region is contrary to the principles of the sustainable development concept. In this regard, it is necessary to create mechanisms of state regulation to implement policies aimed at overcoming this trend. Based on the results of the study, the authors proposed practical recommendations to improve the mechanism of realisation of sustainable development goals of the territory.

The Sustainable Development Goals, adopted at the UN General Assembly on 25 September 2015 under Resolution 70/1 cover a wide range of challenges faced by both developing and developed countries. Therefore, identification and generalisation of national approaches to SDG implementation at the regional level in two post-Soviet countries - Kazakhstan and Russia, which are characterised by the presence of a significant public sector and the active use of direct administrative methods of economic regulation, is of particular importance. The aim of the research is to conduct a comparative analysis of the used approaches to SDG implementation at the regional level. In the course of the research, criteria for characterising state participation in the processes of SDG implementation at the national and regional levels were proposed, approaches to SDG institutionalisation within the framework of national policy were compared, substantive priorities of central governments and regional authorities were compared, and specifics of SDG localisation and implementation at the regional level were revealed. As a result, differences in the formal institutional practices and structures used, the choice of priority SDGs for localisation and implementation, and the possibilities of resource support for managerial decisions made at the national and regional levels were revealed. Since the countries under study are at the initial stage of the process of localisation and implementation of the SDGs at the regional level, the conclusions obtained by the authors may be useful for improving the effectiveness of the work in this direction.

The assessment of the effective indicators of subsidizing agricultural cooperatives in Kazakhstan is one of the little-studied topics. The purpose of the study is to assess the current state of subsidy mechanisms and their impact on the performance indicators of the agricultural cooperatives of Kazakhstan. The following methods were used: empirical, hypothetical, scientific abstract, dynamic analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis, systematic approach, monographic methods were used to assess the mechanisms of subsidizing agricultural cooperatives. The article demonstrated the experience of countries that have achieved high results using effective agricultural cooperative subsidy mechanisms, and assessed the current state of agricultural subsidy mechanisms in the country, including in the Zhambyl region. The impact of subsidies on the performance indicators of the agricultural cooperative for 2018– 2022 is estimated. It is concluded that Kazakhstan is improving the mechanism of subsidizing the ASH industry, taking into account the experience of countries around the world. As a result, the number of agricultural cooperatives has increased and production volumes have increased. Nevertheless, the number of employees in it is decreasing every year. Therefore, in order to radically solve problems in rural areas, it is worth taking into account the experience of developed countries. Our study scientifically substantiates the importance of applying US insurance and guarantee approaches to further strengthen financial support and subsidy mechanisms for agricultural enterprises. This is due to the fact that a strong insurance market allows private farmers to survive the difficult times of the crisis and create prerequisites for further development of the agro-industrial complex.

In recent years, the agro-industrial complex has emerged as a crucial sector in the Republic of Kazakhstan, playing a pivotal role in ensuring the nation's food security. State support for agriculture constitutes a multifaceted mechanism encompassing measures that influence the income of agricultural industries, the structure and scale of agricultural production, the agri-food market, and the social fabric of rural areas. Financial resources are allocated from budgets at various administrative levels to support the agricultural sector of Kazakhstan. The primary objective is to assess the efficient utilization of budget funds allocated to the agricultural sector of Kazakhstan. A combination of economic-statistical, estimated-comparative, logical, and analytical analysis methods was employed to achieve this goal. The results reveal that a targeted agricultural policy, coupled with effective state regulation mechanisms, enables the attainment of high levels of productivity and efficiency in this industry. Nevertheless, despite these successes, the current role of the agro-industrial complex in shaping the economy is deemed insufficient. This is evidenced by indicators assessing the sector's contribution to macroeconomic benchmarks. In conclusion, an evaluation of the current state of development in the Republic of Kazakhstan's agricultural industry reflects a positive growth trend in recent years. However, the agricultural sector continues to be among the less profitable segments of the domestic economy, grappling with persistent challenges that have yet to be fully overcome.

The process of uniting small and medium-sized businesses in the agro-industrial complex into agricultural cooperatives is very relevant for the Republic of Kazakhstan, given the small-scale nature of agricultural production and the high share of households in the total volume of agricultural production. gross agricultural output and, accordingly, low labor productivity in agriculture. The purpose of the study is to study the development of agricultural cooperation in Kazakhstan and identify problems hindering the development of the cooperative movement, and suggest directions for further development in the field of cooperation in the country. To study processes and phenomena in the field of organizational and economic relations, various methods were used, such as analysis and synthesis, the use of systematic and logical approaches to the study of trends in the development of agricultural cooperation. The essence of the efficiency of cooperative formations functioning is formulated. The world and domestic experience of agricultural cooperation development has been studied, which allowed to identify the main prerequisites for the development of small and medium-sized business in the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article presents existing problems that impede their development, and in conclusion, the authors offer recommendations on measures of state regulation and support for the development of agricultural cooperation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is necessary, first of all, to direct efforts to the development of production cooperation of small and medium-sized farms, which have the opportunity to organize joint production of agricultural products, use of land resources, agricultural machinery, and introduce advanced growing technologies. agricultural products in order to preserve the fertility of agricultural land and use a unified scientifically based crop rotation system. All this will ultimately increase the volume of agricultural production, animal productivity, increase crop yields and labor productivity.

The article discusses the issues of the introduction of innovative technologies and digitalization in the Kazakhstan’s agro-industrial complex. The prerequisites for digitalization of agro-industrial complex branches (territorial, legal, institutional, structural, informational, resource) are briefly described. Based on analysis of various state programs, the main problems in the agriculture and possible effect of digitalization’s introduction are identified. The results of introduction of innovative technologies and digitalization of republic’s agro-industrial complex (differentiated seed application, electronic field maps, agrometeoservice for 5 regions of the country with a forecast of up to 3 days, more than 10 meteorological parameters, digitalization of 26 million hectares of acreage, 56.5 million hectares of pasture areas, the presence of 30 digital farms) are briefly presented. Based on analysis, the problems of digitalization development in the agro-industrial complex are combined into separate areas (financial instability of economic entities; lack of financial resources for industry’s digitalization; lack of market and digital ecosystems in the industry; low digital literacy of users, lack of qualified personnel in development and implementation of digital projects, etc.). In conclusion, recommendations are given for further improving the scientific and innovative potential of agricultural producers of the country, including measures of state and institutional support for innovation processes.

The main purpose of this article is to demonstrate mutually beneficial cooperation between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in order to increase the competitiveness of products and improve the position of these countries in the world market of vegetable oils. During the study, factors and conditions of cooperation between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in the vegetable oil sector were considered. Concepts related to modernization were analyzed. Investment cooperation opportunities in the field of joint cultivation of crops in Kazakhstan for further export to Uzbekistan, the conclusion of a forward-looking agreement for the sale of early varieties of vegetables and potatoes to Kazakhstan was studied. Proposals for the creation of grain processing clusters for deep processing of Kazakh grains in Uzbekistan are given. Mutually beneficial nature of this cooperation as well as the importance of modernization of economic relations at all stages of the technical value chain are demonstrated, the main directions of scientific, technical and innovative modernization of the provincial and oil industries ensuring cost reduction, improvement of product quality, expansion and renewal of the product range are identified. The mechanism of joint efforts on the basis of creation of clusters of vegetable oils at the interstate level is proposed. The formation of clusters solves several systematic problems of industry and economy of both countries, increasing the volume of exports and the level of localization of products, improving infrastructure for storage, optimizing the transport of raw materials and products, the movement of goods and logistics processes, improving the quality of partner countries population life. The creation of clusters contributes to the formation of new industrial potential, the modernization and development of innovations in oil and local industries, the improvement of the quality of life of the population of both countries.

Enhancing food security of Kazakhstan, increasing food products is one of the priority tasks of the country’s economic policy. The processing industry is one of the most important links of the agro-industrial complex as a whole, being an integral part of the country’s food security. The processing industry provides the population with quality food products, income from the sale of products, as well as jobs. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to its qualitative development and efficiency improvement by means of economic and statistical methods of evaluation and forecasting of enterprise activity. The research was performed at the micro level in the districts of Kostanay region. A number of typical farms of the region engaged in production of grain legumes and oilseed crops, processing of oilseed crops and sale of finished products were involved. The article considers economic and statistical methods of estimating the change in cash flows from the sale of oilseed linen, as well as forecasting the transformation of sales revenue up to 2026. The work presents several new aspects of the study, including adaptation to government subsidies and market demand, characterisation of the life cycle stage of the company, application of statistical analysis, and a detailed economic sense and methodological calculation of the company’s financial health. The following research methods were applied in the article: statistical method of dynamic series, interval level of the series of dynamics of cash receipts, absolute growth at prices and base values, considered the impact of unaccounted factors, growth and acceleration rates by chain and base method. As a result, the data of the study showed the instability of changes in cash from the sale of oilseed linen.

Food safety is one of the most widely discussed issues in the world today. The baking industry with large production in our country is one of the leading areas of the food industry. Since bread products are a daily food product, in order to provide people with bread products that are safe for human life, they should be of high quality, safe, natural and affordable. Improving the quality of bakery products is a serious and urgent problem today. In order to increase the quality and safety of bakery products, the problem of evaluating the control system of bakery products based on the compliance of food products with international standards and HACCP system demands to be studied today. The analysis of the market of bakery products in Kazakhstan for the period of 2018–2022 was carried out, and current issues were identified. By conducting a survey of the respondents of Astana and Almaty, the capital cities of our country, it was determined that the main criteria and reasons for choosing bakery products ensure the trust and satisfaction of consumers. In the article, the problems of increasing and improving the safety of bread products are determined based on the monitoring and assessment of the safety issues of the country's bread products. It is recommended to improve the quality and safety of food products in domestic enterprises and implement the HACCP system in the management of preparation, storage, transportation and sales.

Restoring the country’s hotel sector after COVID-19 requires comprehensive efforts, including service quality that impacts customer satisfaction and loyalty. Undoubtedly, measures were taken timely to maintain and restore the quality level. Nevertheless, this is a challenge for the sector with its consequences. Additionally, the current situation and the complexity of the new global economic relations have increased that impact. The combination of these consequences has the most significant burden on the personnel and managers of the hospitality industry. After quarantine restrictions, consumers crave vivid emotions, traveling, high-quality services, and good-natured and competent attitudes toward them. The level of satisfaction largely depends on service quality provided from registration to departure. The post-COVID period is poorly studied, the recovery process is proceeding quite quickly, requires new approaches and effective solutions, especially in light of the satisfaction of the contemporary guests’ needs and the latter are changing. The problem of the study is to determine the level of consumers’ satisfaction with hotel services after the lifting of restrictions, and, as it is known a satisfied guest leaves more money in the tourism industry, which gives a positive impetus to the tourism development in the country, region, and district. The discussion included the following research methods: a literature review and a survey of consumers who traveled and lived in hotel enterprises among 181 respondents. Using the analysis results, practical recommendations were formulated for hotel managers and staff, which would ensure sustainability and valuable solutions for implementation. The scientific study offers an empirical contribution based on the consumers’ opinions regarding hospitality enterprises.

Digital systems play an important role in the activities of various fields, including the tasks of the financial sector. Simultaneously with the innovative development of the banking system in the field of information technology, in order to further improve the processes of providing services, significant steps are being taken towards improving the quality of services provided, as well as in the organization of business processes of second-tier banks. The authors investigate the impact of large financial institutions on the level of digital technology development: Kaspi Bank and Freedom Bank. The object of the article is to study the principles and models of action on the basis of which these digital ecosystems work. The ways of their development and functioning in the activities of two commercial banks are being investigated. This research is relevant due to the fact that in the context of the introduction of new technologies, for example: digitalization, as well as, in general, the limits and boundaries of services offered by the largest market players are being overcome, which creates the potential to accelerate the development of a competitive and secure digital financial market of a new generation. In this article, the authors define the concept of the ecosystem of banks and analyze large Kazakhstani financial institutions based on their financial services. Based on the data analysis, conclusions are drawn and the main conclusion is proposed, which determines the main direction of development for the development of financial digital ecosystems. Currently, two types of ecosystems are actively developing in Kazakhstan. In the first of them, the bank is the core of the ecosystem of non-financial services, in which it acts as a settlement operator. In the second case, a large non-financial company begins to build its own ecosystem of lifestyle services and eventually thinks about creating its own settlement center. At the same time, the digital ecosystem is definitely not limited only to its own services, but also integrates with partner solutions. At the same time, the ecosystem assumes, first of all, the transformation of human resources, their involvement in the process.

In conditions of global economic instability, as well as during a shock such as COVID-19, the world faces challenges to provide the planet with food. Historically, the main element of Kazakhstan economic specification is agriculture. Despite that Kazakhstan has resource and export potential, the current trend in the agricultural industry is not the country’s full power to ensure the economic accessibility of food and its physical availability not only to satisfy domestic demand, but also for export. A reason for this is that the amount of state funds allocated to this industry is insufficient despite its annual growth. In this regard, the role of investments in the agro-industrial complex is increasing in the country’s economy. This article presents an analysis of the share of agriculture in the structure of the economy of Kazakhstan and reveals its insignificant share. In this regard, ways to solve this problem have been proposed by expanding the volume of agriculture through the use of innovative methods and attracting investors to this industry for this purpose, which will ensure an increase in the growth rate of agriculture and sustainable growth of the country's economy. The study identified the limiting factors for the growth of investment in the agricultural sector in the conditions of the new reality.

Once the key insights of corporate finance quality in Kazakhstani listed state SOEs are obtained, it is time to turn to separate strategies of corporate reporting manipulations. The purpose of this research is to look at accrual-based AEM strategies that adjust real activity REM practices at year-end. We follow Kasznik cash flow model for accrual-based earnings management as a best practice methodology and apply it to 572 unbalanced panel firm-year non-financial observations over 13-year time horizon. To strengthen our analysis, we compare main results with another popular measurement of accrual-based Earnings management based on the Shivakumar 1996 model. We also winsorised key investment indicators to reduce the impact of outliers on the main results. The results answer major questions: 1) what AEM strategies state SOEs prefer; 2) how accrual-based manipulations affect the choice of investment indicators; and 3) whether partially-privatized state SOEs under/over perform private POEs in Kazakhstan. In terms of theoretical and practical implications, our research findings could be useful to analysts of various strategies in the AEM/REM dimensions, academic scientists and advocates of partial privatization of state companies. We assure that theoretical gaps of corporate data manipulations in Central Asian context are to be reduced with increasing number of publications in the field of AEM practices.

This article presents a comprehensive methodological framework designed to explore the complex relationships among pension savings, economic growth, and bank deposits over the period spanning from 2014 to 2022. The objective of this study is to illuminate the intricate dynamics that influence household financial behavior and decisions. Through rigorous statistical analyses, the research seeks to uncover nuanced patterns and trends within these interactions. The confirmed findings of the study provide substantial support for Hypothesis 1. This underscores the significant impact of pension savings on the increase in bank deposits. This finding not only highlights the importance of understanding these dynamics within the context of contemporary financial landscapes but also carries implications for strategic financial planning. The recognition of the link between pension savings and the escalation of bank deposits suggests potential avenues for optimizing financial strategies and policies. Conversely, the rejection of Hypothesis 2 indicates that GDP (Gross Domestic Product) exerts an insignificant influence on the growth of bank deposits. This emphasizes the intricate and multifaceted nature of the current interplay between economic growth and individual banking preferences. The insights gained from this rejection contribute to a nuanced understanding of the factors shaping financial decisions, offering valuable perspectives for navigating the evolving financial terrain. In conclusion, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of the multifaceted factors that shape financial decisions. The identified relationships between pension savings, economic growth, and bank deposits provide valuable insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and individuals alike, offering a foundation for informed decision-making in the ever-changing financial landscape.

Currently, the management of the development of the public healthcare sector should be objectively oriented towards the UN goals in the field of Sustainable Development. In accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals in the field of public healthcare , the main task is to ensure the rights to receive services, ensure their availability, regardless of the social status of the recipient of services and his place of residence. Despite a number of comprehensive measures, today these measures are not enough. The article defines the importance of ensuring the health of the nation in the context of achieving the Republic of Kazakhstan “Sustainable Development Goals”. The necessity of forming a health Rating of the population of Kazakhstan, which would reflect the state and qualitative changes, is argued, which implies conducting a set of studies. At the present stage of the study, the results of which are disclosed in this article, a “framework” analysis of the availability of health services in Kazakhstan was conducted, based on data for the period 2018–2022. The study revealed both positive trends in the improvement of most indicators characterizing the availability of medical services depending on income, and the presence of severe imbalances. Based on the results obtained, further directions of research on the formation of a rating reflecting the achievement of the third Sustainable Development Goal for Kazakhstan, with the aim of further improving the healthcare system, have been identified.

Today Kazakhstan enterprises are constantly challenged to become competitive in the domestic and foreign markets, adequately respond to an increasing number of changes and thus choose between innovations and efficiency. Earlier research proposed an ambidextrous strategy as a means of overcoming this challenge. However, previous literature mainly relies on data from developed economies. Few studies use the data from emerging economies, which includes Kazakhstan. Thus, the aim of this study is to empirically assess the effect of ambidexterity on firm performance and resilience. Following a quantitative method and using a multi-item survey instrument, a total of 323 questionnaires were distributed to 80 different organisations in Kazakhstan. SmartPLS 3 was used to investigate structural equation modelling (SEM) estimates. The results show statistically significant relationships between organisational ambidexterity and firm performance, and between ambidexterity and organisational resilience. The value of this paper lies in the following aspects. First, it extends the research on the impact of organisational ambidexterity on firm performance and the relevance of this relationship to emerging economies. Second, this study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first empirical investigation of the ambidexterity-performance and ambidexterity-resilience relationship in developing countries, particularly in Kazakhstan. An important practical relevance of this study is the finding that the application of organisational ambidexterity in the turbulent environment in which contemporary Kazakhstani firms operate can help transform organisations to respond to market uncertainty in a timely manner and remain competitive.

The article considers the sphere of land management in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study is to determine problems of land management system in the republic and the tasks of its improvement in the future. The research methodology included a desk method for collecting and analyzing data on the activities of land administration authorities. The problems were identified in the following three areas: legislative regulation of land use, management and control of state ownership of land, the process of digitalization of land management. As a result, it was found that the national land administration system does not fully meet the needs of the modern economy. In order to improve the land management system, it is proposed to solve the following tasks: to improve the quality of legal regulation; carry out a complete digitization of land; form an integrated electronic land management system; develop and implement the state program “Digital Land Management” until 2025. The results of the study contribute to the development of a new land management model in Kazakhstan, aimed at encouraging the national government to develop a new land management strategy, increasing the transparency of the management system as well as simplifying the process of administration in this area.

The Republic of Kazakhstan has adopted the State Program of Industrial and Innovative Development for 2020-2025, the purpose of which is to achieve the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry in the domestic and foreign markets. The success of the implementation of this program largely depends on the combined efforts of university science, the potential of research institutes, business, with state support in the field of budget financing and in other areas. The purpose of the study is to identify the challenges facing the modern Kazakh higher education system in the context of economic modernization to increase its sustainability and competitiveness. In this regard, special attention is paid to the innovative component of any field of activity. The article, based on the study of world experience, identifies the main problems that hinder innovation activity at universities in Kazakhstan and provides recommendations on how to overcome them. As the pace of discovery and competition accelerates at the global level, universities are creating a culture in which entrepreneurship and innovative thinking are encouraged. Students under the guidance of teachers actively develop startups, striving to change society for the better by participating in social entrepreneurship. Innovative activities of universities are accompanied by the establishment of partnerships with leading companies and research institutes. The article presents the experience of leading universities in the USA, as well as universities in Central and Eastern Europe, Tokyo University (Japan) to increase the innovation activity of Kazakhstani universities. Traditional methods of analysis and synthesis, logical thinking, systematization and generalization of accumulated material were used to uncover the issues under study.

Higher education in Kazakhstan occupies a central place in the process of socio-economic progress of the country. In recent decades, Kazakhstan's higher education market has undergone significant changes. The rapid development of technology, integration into the global educational space and changes in the economic and social spheres have led to a revision of the needs and expectations of higher education. The article presents an analysis of the higher education system of the Republic of Kazakhstan with an emphasis on highlighting key trends and challenges. The main focus of the research is aimed at studying the dynamically developing and highly competitive higher education market, in which both public and private educational institutions are actively functioning. The main purpose of this study is to provide detailed coverage of the current conditions and trends in the higher education market in Kazakhstan. To achieve this goal, various methods were used, including content analysis, a desk method of data collection, comparison and generalization. The analysis was based on secondary data: a review of current sources and scientific publications over the past five years from international and local databases, statistical data and analytical reports. The results of this study provide an objective view of the current state, structure, participants and directions of development of the higher education market in Kazakhstan in the period 2017–2022. The study highlights the importance of regional development issues, ensuring broad accessibility of higher education, active integration of the latest technologies and teaching methodologies, as well as the formation of a comprehensive and inclusive educational space.

In today’s information society, digital skills are becoming an increasingly important element in the successful adaptation of young people to a rapidly changing world. Assessing the level of digital literacy of students is a key aspect of developing effective educational programs and strategies aimed at preparing specialists for the challenges of the digital era. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive assessment of students’ digital literacy. The main areas of work include the analysis of existing methods for assessing digital literacy and the application of these methods to obtain specific data on a selected group of respondents. The scientific significance of this study lies in the development of an integrated approach to assess various aspects of digital literacy, as well as in identifying key areas for improving educational programs in the context of the digitalization of society. The practical significance of the study is expressed in the possibility of using the data obtained to improve educational programs and courses aimed at developing students’ digital skills. The study was conducted by anonymously surveying students using the cloud service SurveyMonkey. The survey used questions aimed at assessing the level of information, computer, communication literacy, media literacy, and attitudes toward technological innovation. The results of the study show that the average digital literacy level of students is 79.7%, with some differences between language departments. Data analysis allows us to formulate recommendations for improving the effectiveness of training in the field of digital technologies. This study makes an important contribution to the field by providing information on the current level of digital literacy among students and identifying key areas for improving educational programs in the era of digitalization. The results obtained can be used to develop and improve educational programs and courses aimed at developing digital skills, which contributes to the successful adaptation of young people to modern challenges and increases their competitiveness in the labor market.

Higher education institutions (universities) make a significant contribution to the economy and social life of a country. For this reason, the interaction between universities, industry and society is important for countries. Universities need to get rid of the classical university concept and begin to take a role of entrepreneurial universities and transfer the acquired knowledge to industry and society. Thus, an entrepreneurial university can ensure the production of new information and technologies, as well as influence the use of acquired knowledge in production. The next generation of entrepreneurial universities not only need to develop their core competencies, but also have a domino effect on the creation and dissemination of new knowledge. This paper describes the interactions of relevant stakeholders necessary for the effective and efficient use of a country’s resources. These stakeholders are entrepreneurial universities as sources of scientific knowledge; production sector representing business; the government, which develops policies for universities and industry; non-governmental organizations and professional associations that support education and science. Integrating these five key stakeholders creates synergy. The authors developed a model called the Star Model because of its five-tailed shape. The results of the study can be useful to universities, business, government, non-governmental organizations, and professional associations to form interactions and develop policies and strategies for their development and the development of the economy.