This research aims to conduct an analysis of scientific literature on issues related to regional innovation in the context of Triple Helix model, including Kazakhstan. In order to accomplish the objective, the bibliometric analysis was carried out using four primary search strings: “Triple Helix and Kazakhstan,” “Kazakhstan regional innovation,” “Regional Innovation and Triple Helix,” and “Regional Innovation.” The bibliometric analysis was conducted using the computer softwares VOSviewer, the computerized databases Scopus and Web of Science. Establishing links and relationships was achieved through the use of the computer software VOSViewer, which automatically applied methods of co-occurrence and keyword analysis. The results obtained from the areas mentioned earlier, particularly in the context of Kazakhstan and the publication output and connections within Triple Helix, are limited. It was revealed that in Kazakhstan there is a small amount of scientific research on regional innovation in the context of the Triple Helix model, which reflects the economic situation when the Triple Helix model is not sufficiently integrated into the state policy of regional development to study it. Kazakhstani policymakers and scholars focus on regional economic growth development as a strategy rather than integrating innovation models or the Triple Helix model in regional development. The primary contribution of this paper is to highlight the limited availability of literature and research on the topic at hand. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for further investigation and serves as a potential agenda for policymakers and scholars interested in regional development and innovation in Kazakhstan and other countries.

The growth of waste, including food waste, is one of the main environmental problems of current time. Our planet is increasingly covered with waste every year, and a large area is formed under landfills. Therefore, the ways to reduce waste effectively are being investigated by worldwide scientists. Composting is one of the proven means of dealing with food (organic) waste. Fortunately, this method of recycling food waste is actively practiced in Kazakhstan. However, statistics show that food waste recycling is still developing slowly. Only 3% of the total amount of waste processed is food waste. To develop effective strategies for addressing environmental programs, scientists propose using the CV method to determine the monetary value of environmental benefits. Furthermore, the examination of household behaviour regarding food waste is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of government environmental programs. The results of this study showed that Kazakhstanis expressed their willingness to support the environmental initiative and pay 10 tenge more for utilities if this money was used to create food industry enterprises. This amount will be 600 million per year. The results of the regression analysis showed the importance of age and leading an environmentally friendly lifestyle in supporting environmental initiatives. Although we consider the results of this study to be preliminary data and continue to work on scaling the sample size, the chosen method of analysis may nonetheless be of interest to other researchers in the field.

Global uncertainty has transformed the economy of Kazakhstan, which is striving to become a center of innovative development in Central Asia. According to the authors, one of the reasons for the raw material orientation of the country's economy, along with the predominance of energy-intensive types of production, is the technological backwardness of the mining sector. The article shows that the strategic goal of the Kazakhstan mining complex to integrate into the world economy involves a focus on innovative development. PEST analysis of the most important micro- and macroeconomic factors made it possible to assess the current situation of enterprises. It was revealed that one of the significant reasons for the innovative lag in the mining sector of Kazakhstan is the lack of a strategic vision of digital transformation and change management mechanisms among enterprises. The authors conclude that the continuous complication of mining and geological conditions and the growing demands of stakeholders require enterprises to build internal production processes, promote R&D, improve the organization of analytical work based on an engineering and economic approach to the selection of tools for the digital basis of production, and active interaction with external partners and startups. It is substantiated that for further progress an integrated approach to the creation of intra-production digital competencies is necessary; enterprises should focus on organizational and technological transformation, including changes in the organizational structure and transformation of the business model. The results of the study are of interest to industrial enterprises when they develop proactive innovative strategies focused on reorganizing operational activities and increasing investment to promote business.

The efficient development of transportation vehicles in conditions of stiff competition and global digitalization depends on the correct methodology and forecasting of freight transportation. A review of scientific literature showed that all studies are directed towards the railway mode of transportation. The research conducted in this work focuses on freight transportation by road transport in the city of Almaty, where trucks remain the sole means of delivering goods from one point to another at the local transportation level. The main goal of the research presented in this article is to analyze statistical indicators of transportation volumes and freight turnover by road transport and develop software aimed at forecasting the expected volume of freight transportation. In logistics planning and management, the moving average method is employed to predict truckload volumes and freight turnover for the next year. This method works by averaging data points to smooth out random fluctuations, thereby providing a more stable forecast. This phenomenon arises from replacing the original levels of the time series with arithmetic means calculated for certain time intervals. To facilitate transportation volume planning and substantiate the optimality of freight transportation, it is necessary to have up-to-date statistical data. These statistic data serve as the basis for constructing a dynamic representation of automobile traffic volumes and freight turnover in the city of Almaty. The growth rates of indicators are calculated to assess dynamics. The forecasting aspect of freight transportation volume is addressed by developing an algorithm based on the moving average method.

The engineering sector, which includes automobile production, plays an important role in the national economy and industrial progress. It affects the development of production, scientific and technical progress, labor productivity, national security, quality of life. In order to increase productivity, reduce labor costs and improve product quality, industrial automation and robotization processes have been significantly developed in industrialized countries of the world. The global market for industrial robots is expected to grow 14.3% annually and reach $30.8 billion by 2027. However, Kazakhstan faces special difficulties in adopting these technologies due to the lack of development of automation infrastructure. This study aims to develop priorities and directions of advanced scientific and technological solutions for intelligent joint systems of robotics and automation, especially in the automotive industry of Kazakhstan. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to assess the current state of automation in the automotive industry of Kazakhstan, to identify challenges and opportunities associated with the introduction of robotics, and to provide a strategic basis for the advancement of these technologies. The research corresponds to the state programs of Kazakhstan on science, technology and digitization. The scientific and practical importance of this work is that it is aimed at providing solutions for increasing efficiency by adapting advanced robotic technologies to local production systems. Through the development of domestic innovations and the transfer of global technologies, research contributes to the field of industrial automation and helps Kazakhstan's industries to achieve global competitiveness. It is expected that the practical results of the research will contribute to the improvement of production quality, efficiency and productivity in the automotive sector of Kazakhstan, contributing to sustainable development in accordance with world trends. The value of the work lies in providing individual, technologically advanced solutions to meet the nation's urgent need for robotics automation and integration.

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Kazakhstan can become a system-forming factor in economic diversification in the context of ESG development. Responsible business requires the responsible attitude of business entities in all those affected by its activities. The introduction of ESG principles into the activities of S&MSB will ensure long-term profitability, improve the image of organizations, and ensure both the sustainability of the company itself and the sustainability of the development of a socio-economic system of a higher order. The formation and implementation of public non-financial indicators for business entities will make it possible to intensify efforts to promote the ESG agenda in transformative business conditions. The goal is to study the problems of promoting the ESG agenda for SMEs in the Republic of Kazakhstan and systematize non-financial indicators that promote responsible business conduct. Research methods - deconstruction, analysis, synthesis, description, comparison, survey. Conclusions are drawn about the need for legislative regulation, the formation of non-financial reporting, and the use of tax incentives for those business entities that follow ESG principles. Legislative regulation is aimed at creating publicity and openness in the presentation of non-financial reporting data. Criteria for monitoring non-financial reporting are proposed, covering the environmental, social, and managerial profile of the entrepreneur. The results obtained can be used by SMEs, higher education, the public, and government authorities.

The requirements for today’s leaders have become more comprehensive and multifaceted due to increasing international labor migration, dynamic organizations' digitalization, and penetration of generative artificial intelligence into a business environment. Despite the increased requirements for managers’ competencies, theoretical knowledge of Kazakhstani business leaders remains scarce, whereas the gender factor within this topicality is even more deficient. This paper aims to synthesize the new knowledge on leadership and gender in Kazakhstan through the sophisticated analysis of the existing publications and building the research agenda for future scholars. The integrative literature review grounded on R. Toracco’s and J. Callahan’s methodological guidelines was utilized for this research. The Scopus and Web of Science databases were used for searching the appropriate publications till 2024 inclusively. As a result three primary thematic areas: leadership styles, leadership skills, and women in leadership were identified. The review findings revealed that transactional and transformational leadership were the most popular styles among Kazakhstani managers. The research on women leaders is limited by female managers’ barriers, progression, and coping strategies in higher education. The majority of the existing articles about leadership styles and skills did not consider gender and only a few analyzed it as a control variable. The theoretical significance of this work relates to the research agenda elaborated for prospective study. The identified specificity of Kazakhstani managers’ leadership can be used by practitioners for the analysis and perfection of their leading function.

The article examines various approaches to studying new forms of informal employment, including unofficial employment and entrepreneurial activities. The main goal of the work is to explore diverse methods that can be applied to achieve a more accurate assessment of informal employment and the contribution of the informal sector to the economy, including its impact on economic and social indicators. During the COVID and post-COVID periods, the global financial crisis intensified, necessitating an examination of the current situation not only in the global labor market but also in Kazakhstan. The labor market has always been and will remain sensitive to the state of the economy, significantly affecting both employers and employees. The strengths and weaknesses of applying a range of methods, identifying methodological approaches to the application and systematization of tools to improve the quality of work in the informal sector were analysed. Problems connected with evaluation of informal employment were discussed such as assess to different types of data, identifying boundaries of informal sector and different methodological limitations. The conclusions and obtained results can form a scientific basis for further research and assessment of informal employment, contributing to the adoption of more effective measures at the state level to support the informal sector of the economy in various countries, including our republic. To obtain more accurate results in assessing the volumes of informal employment, it is necessary to use a combination of existing scientific and practical methods, taking into account the specificities of each country, undoubtedly enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of the results obtained.

Due to the rapid growth of information on the Internet and social networks, research in the field of computational linguistics has become very relevant. The volume of information that people and machines create in natural language needs to be processed, analyzed and verified. Information retrieval systems, dialog systems, and machine translation tools are used for this. The range of automatic text processing systems is very wide, it covers various tasks. Finding errors in texts and words, identifying and correcting incorrect words is one of the most important tasks of natural language processing (NLP). The article provides an overview of semi-structured data, methods and technologies for identifying incorrect words in natural languages. The paper gives an overview of semi-structured data, methods and techniques for detecting incorrect words in natural languages. The aim of the research is to develop an effective approach for detecting and correcting errors occurring in Kazakh-language texts, especially in the context of limited resources and unstructured data. The research includes the use of machine learning techniques as well as economic analysis of the costs of developing and implementing such solutions. The proposed approach facilitates the automation of text verification, which can significantly reduce the cost of manual data processing and improve the quality of information in various spheres, including business and public administration.

The article provides an analysis of a study focused on crafting financial mechanisms to enact the monotown revitalization strategy. Monotowns marginalized within the economic development landscape encounter multifaceted challenges, including demographic decline, elevated unemployment rates, and degradation of social infrastructure. Consequently, the formulation of efficient financial mechanisms emerges as imperative for their resurgence. The objective of this study is to formulate efficient financial mechanisms to facilitate the implementation of monotown revitalization strategies. This entails a comprehensive examination of the existing conditions within monotowns, encompassing the identification of pertinent challenges and potential avenues for development. Additionally, the study aims to devise financial strategies and instruments geared towards fostering both economic advancement and social progress within these locales. Scientifically, the significance of this research resides in the conception of novel financing paradigms tailored specifically for monotowns, thereby fostering their sustainable development. Practically, the research holds relevance in its potential application, as the developed mechanisms stand poised for utilization by governmental and municipal entities in the execution of monotown revival initiatives. Consequently, this investigation contributes substantively to the realm of regional development management and financial planning. Its findings are poised to offer utility to governmental bodies, corporate entities vested in the enhancement of regional infrastructural frameworks and the rejuvenation of monotowns.

Against the backdrop of the global challenges of the current economic situation, the financial system of the Republic of Kazakhstan is becoming an important tool for ensuring the sustainable development of the national economy, acting as a factor in stimulating its growth. This study was undertaken to analyze the state of the national financial system based on theoretical principles that determine its structure and significance in financial development. The financial system of Kazakhstan mainly solves the problem of providing the national economy with financial resources and promoting economic growth. At the same time, an analysis of the state of the financial system, based on theoretical principles regarding its significance and indicators of the country’s financial development, allows us to identify key problems and directions for its further development. In the context of ensuring economic growth, the role of the financial system is considered from the point of view of indicators characterizing the degree of its development. The study identifies structural components of the financial system that correlate with the Financial Development Index provided by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). This approach allows us to assess the current state of Kazakhstan's financial system, identify problems, and identify areas for further improvement. The study's results highlight the need to improve the efficiency of financial institutions, emphasizing the role of market mechanisms in the formation and distribution of the country's financial resources. Kazakhstan's financial system needs further reforms to achieve sustainable economic development.

The article considers the pension system of the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most important element of the system of social protection of the population and a major investment player in the market, which is responsible for the safety of pension savings of the population. Consequently, it is necessary to constantly monitor the quality of pension provision and financial sustainability of the pension system in order to ensure the adequacy of pension payments to maintain a decent standard of living for pensioners, taking into account the inflation rate in the country. Thus, it is necessary to carefully assess the possible consequences of investment decisions in order to prevent the depreciation of pension system participants' savings. The pension system is an important element for ensuring the stability of the country's population. It forms the foundation of social security for citizens, creating financial security for them during the period of disability or retirement. Due to demographic changes in the country, the pension system is being reformed, which in turn affects financial stability in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article presents a number of key roles and functions within the pension system, analyzes the volume of pension savings and the number of individual pension accounts in the cities of national importance, presents the structure of the investment portfolio of the PAs of the Unified Accumulative Pension Fund (UAPF), which are under the trust management of the NBRK, in the context of financial instruments. Proposals on how to increase investment income have been developed.

Despite the challenges posed by the consequences of the global pandemic, achieving the country's national development goals remains a strategic direction of public health policy. The article aims to study the dynamics of healthcare financing in Kazakhstan, provide forecasts of upcoming development, and compare it with healthcare systems of developed countries. Based on the analysis of the current state and potential problems, recommendations were developed to improve the healthcare financing system in Kazakhstan. This article also analyzes the main parameters of health financing in the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period 2012–2022 and, in comparison with developed countries, provides the main reasons for maintaining low parameters of public health financing, which becomes a real obstacle to the implementation of measures aimed at achieving universal health coverage. During the research, a wide range of methodological approaches was applied, including system analysis (the study of an object as an integral system, interrelated elements), comparative analysis (comparison of the studied object with others in a number of characteristics), functional analysis (identification of the functions of the elements of the object and their interrelations), economic and statistical analysis and synthesis (collection, processing, interpretation of economic and statistical data), mathematical methods (modeling of studied processes and phenomena using mathematical models), dialectical methods (the study of an object in its development, change and contradictions), analysis of the burden of the disease (assessment of the economic and social consequences of the disease).

There are very few studies that have determined the causes of depopulation in rural areas of Kazakhstan and the North Kazakhstan region (NKR). Purpose of the study – to study the causes of the phenomenon of depopulation in rural areas of the NKR, determine its social and economic consequences and propose regulatory mechanisms. To determine the causes of the depopulation process in rural areas of the North Kazakhstan region and propose regulatory mechanisms, methods of empirical, hypothetical, scientific abstraction, dynamic analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis, and systems approach were used. The article provides an in-depth analysis of the rate of natural increase (loss) in the population of Kazakhstan. Having divided the population of the rural areas of the NKR into age groups, we determined which age category was decreasing and put forward a hypothesis about what they wanted. The Government of Kazakhstan has developed and continues to develop various programs for developing rural areas and population growth in the Northern region. However, the coefficient of natural increase (loss) of the population of the North Kazakhstan region has a negative value. The study results showed that the population aging rate in rural areas of this region is intensive. The government must identify groups and target areas that require support measures, taking into account the situation with specialization, labor potential, territorial characteristics, and age characteristics of the areas of the region.

The topic of personal branding and its impact on corporate image is of particular relevance. The research aims to explore the relationship between personal brand and company brand perception. The main goal of the work is to analyze how the level of trust, effectiveness and creative freedom of a personal brand affect the corporate image. The research is based on three key hypotheses: the higher the level of trust in the personal brand persona, the higher the perception of the company brand; the higher the effectiveness of the personal brand, the higher the perception of the company brand; the more creative freedom the personal brand persona has, the higher the image of the company brand. The analysis was conducted in Smart Pls software based on quantitative data obtained from the survey. The scientific significance of the work lies in the expansion of knowledge about the mechanisms of corporate image formation through personal branding. The practical significance of the research is expressed in the development of recommendations for companies on the effective use of personal branding to improve corporate image. The findings support the hypotheses by showing that trust in personal branding, its effectiveness and creative freedom have a positive impact on the perception of the company brand. The contribution of this study to the field of marketing and branding is to provide a new perspective on the use of personal branding as a strategic tool to enhance corporate image and market competitiveness. The practical significance of the results enables companies to develop more effective personal branding strategies, thereby improving their overall image and customer loyalty.

The purpose of the article is to determine the return on investment produced by identifying modern trends in the development of international tourism and identifying factors affecting the development of tourism in the Republic of Kazakhstan. In order to achieve the objectives a certain number of regions and places of visitor accommodation were considered, investment in the tourism industry was analysed, and the results of a dynamic model with a distributed lag were obtained for the selected regions. Tourism development is an urgent topic, tourism is a source of income for millions of people working in this field, therefore, increasing the pace of development of the tourism sector is discussed in the Agendas of international organizations and in the annual Messages of the Head of State to the people of Kazakhstan. To determine the strategy for the development of the tourism services market, the factors influencing it were identified and a statistical analysis was carried out. Multiple correlation and regression analysis is one of the methods by which one can investigate the dependence of one variable on several variable factors. And for this purpose, significant factors were selected, and a multiple linear regression equation was constructed. The authors carried out a correlation and regression analysis using the example of regions, and also analyzed the obtained parameters of the multiple linear regression equation. In conclusion, the obtained regression equations in general and the coefficients are statistically significant and reliable at an appropriate level of significance. It allows us to draw conclusions based on the analysis of the obtained parameters of the multiple linear regression equation for the republic.

This article focuses on the popularization of a new direction in tourism in Kazakhstan – event and gastronomic tourism. This study aims to develop an organizational model and innovative ways to promote event and gastronomic tourism, increasing its attractiveness and the competitiveness of the industry as a whole. The main directions of this article are the development of gastronomic and event tourism in Kazakhstan, identification of resource potential, concepts for promoting a tourist product, based on the development of effective methods and tools, development of an innovative program for the management of ethnic tourism and brand management of tourist destinations, aimed at popularizing domestic and inbound tourism, increasing the recognition of tourist centers in Kazakhstan, creating a positive brand of tourist areas. Solving the problem will contribute to a more rational organization of event and gastronomic tours and increase their economic and social efficiency. According to the “Classifier of tourism destinations in the Republic of Kazakhstan according to industry, subject and object principles” [1], today gastronomic and event tourism are separately distinguished. Promoting a new type of tourism in Kazakhstan can become a direction capable of dynamically developing the cultural environment, enhancing the prestige of national cuisine and gastronomic traditions, contributing to the growth of the attractiveness of regions, and increasing the influx of foreign tourists interested in the thousand-year history of Kazakhstan, with its unique gastronomy based on the simplicity and specificity of ingredients traditional Kazakh dishes. The development of event and gastronomic tourism in Kazakhstan can become a factor that significantly influences the effective development of territories and the cultural environment of society; contribute to the growth of employment and improve the quality of life, and the promotion of this type of tourism can become one of the priority areas for the development of the tourism industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan and increasing its competitiveness. The interdisciplinary nature of the research allows us to consider the issues in the context of historical, socio-cultural, economic, and geographical sciences.

The article deals with the issues of marketing analysis of service quality in chain hotels. The results of theoretical literature have shown that the quality of service can be assessed by such an indicator as the degree of guest satisfaction. At the same time, the quality of service in the hotel depends on the specifics and type of the hotel, the standards used and the professionalism of the staff. In order to assess the quality of hotel services, marketing research in the form of a survey was conducted. The main purpose of the research is to determine what factors influence the process of hotel service quality. The results of the marketing research showed that the average index of satisfaction with the activities of chain hotels is 64%, there are certain shortcomings related to the culture of guest service. In addition, hotel staff are not always ready and able to solve problems that arise in the process of customer service.When assessing the weak areas it was revealed that a significant part of hotel customers are not satisfied with the speed of service, note the inattention of staff and emphasise the late performance of functional duties. In order to improve the quality of service, as the results of the study showed, it is necessary to improve competences in delegation of authority, service culture and effective communication. Thus, to improve the quality of service in chain hotels it is advisable to increase the level of staff training and develop competences related to the service process.

Sustainability has become an important part of strategy building both at the global and individual companies level. The principle of long-term development, conservation and reproduction of resources becomes relevant not only in terms of global problems, but also in the development of individual companies. The human resource management department plays a major role in achieving sustainable development of companies. This interaction takes on new meaning with the emergence of the concept of sustainable human resource management. This paper discusses the concept of sustainable human resource management and organizational effectiveness of the company. Organizational effectiveness, defined as the ability to achieve goals on time, is a strategically important indicator that companies strive to achieve. The purpose of this work is to study the concept of sustainable human resource management as a tool for achieving organizational effectiveness of the company. The paper presents the main indicators and advantages of the concept. The main barriers to implementing the concept in practice were also analyzed. By combining the results of content analysis, a model for achieving organizational effectiveness of the company by implementing sustainable human resource management practices was compiled. The method of systematic review of the literature based on the model of the author J. Garza-Reyes was applied in the work; Scopus and Science Direct databases articles for the entire period were considered. The article can be useful both for further theoretical study of the concept and for practical application by companies to build a strategy to achieve organizational effectiveness.

The article examines the supply chain as a modeling object. The multi-criteria and contradictory goals in supply chain management are: on the one hand, the maximum level of service, on the other hand, minimizing logistics costs. Solving strategic optimization problems for this class of objects using classical optimization methods is difficult. The theoretical and methodological basis of the supply chain was considered from the perspective of a set-theoretic approach. The purpose of the study is to analyze the behavior of many different agents (suppliers, clients, etc.) with different needs and goals when making decisions. An agent is an active element of the system, possessing a certain autonomy and the ability to make independent decisions, relying on the information it has about the state of the environment and the actions of other agents. In turn, supply chains are a complex organizational (active) system, i.e. associated with human participation. The study of behavioral aspects and interorganizational interaction, the formation of new organizational forms are an extremely important aspect in the management and modeling of supply chains, a factor in the dynamic behavior of the logistics system. The conducted research represents an important contribution to the development of knowledge about the application of the set-theoretic approach in supply chain management. It demonstrates the applicability of this approach in practice through an analysis of a specific company, LLP «Knauf», on the Kazakhstan market.

The study explores the relationship between customer satisfaction and the financial performance of banks, focusing on mediating factors. This study aims to investigate in detail the impact of responsibility, tangibility, and reliability on banks’ financial performance, with a particular emphasis on the mediating function of customer satisfaction. The primary objectives are to analyze how these service quality dimensions influence customer satisfaction and, subsequently, financial outcomes. The research is grounded in the theory that higher levels of customer satisfaction lead to improved financial performance through increased loyalty. Using Employing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), the study analyzes data collected from commercial bank clients in Kazakhstan over a four-month period, from November 2023 to February 2024. The dataset includes responses from approximately 200 participants, ensuring demographic representation through a stratified random sampling method. Hypotheses regarding customer satisfaction, reliability, responsibility, and tangibility were tested. Findings reveal a significant positive relationship between customer satisfaction and financial performance, indicating that higher satisfaction levels contribute to improved financial outcomes for banks. These findings highlight the multidimensional nature of customer satisfaction and underscore the importance of addressing various factors to enhance financial performance in the banking sector. This study contributes theoretical insights and practical implications for banks aiming to optimize their financial performance through customer-centric strategies.

This article presents an extensive analysis of international experience in the field of light industry, in particular, using the example of several effectively functioning foreign countries. Which is a valuable source of knowledge and best practices that can be applied in the context of Kazakhstan.The purpose of this study is to study in depth the international experience in light industry, especially in the context of globalization and increased international competition.This article presents various segments of light industry and types of its products, as well as a comparative analysis of the leading countries of the world and Kazakhstan in the share of GDP attributable to light industry. An important aspect of the study is the analysis of effective experience in creating jobs, promoting social stability, increasing exports and expanding the trade balance, as well as stimulating innovation and technological development. The value of this study lies not only in the study of international experience, which helps to avoid repeating mistakes, but also in adapting successful strategies to the local conditions of Kazakhstan. This will accelerate the development of the light industry by introducing innovations in light industry technology, changes in consumer behavior, taking into account trends in sustainable development, etc. The results of this study will allow us to identify not only the main trends and strategies for the successful development of light industry abroad and consider them, but also apply them in practice in the context of our own country.

The current trend in the automotive industry confirms that innovation and process automation are increasingly helping the industry’s development and economic growth. In addition to the digitalisation of society, new technologies are also being actively developed. The economic development of a country is inextricably linked to the development of process innovation, process automation and robotisation. In this paper, the theoretical background of innovation approaches in the automotive industry and performance evaluation methodologies have been discussed. Industrial robots and robotic technological complexes, which are universally used in industry, have existed for about 50 years and at the present moment of time replace humans and displace them from the sphere of production to the sphere of services and control. To ensure balanced economic development, the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan closely monitors the main economic sectors and endeavours to support domestic manufacturers in every possible way. The automobile industry is no exception. The purpose of this article is to conduct a brief theoretical review of the state of the automobile industry, as well as to study foreign experience. We have studied the methodology of economic efficiency assessment. The study showed that innovation, robotisation and automation undoubtedly lead to the economic development of both regions and the country as a whole.

With the increasing involvement of universities in Kazakhstan in the processes of internationalization, there is a need to adapt educational programs to the changing requirements of the labor market and the national educational environment. An important aspect of these changes is the study of the perception of global citizenship among students of Kazakhstan. In this article, the authors present the results of their two studies on global citizenship. In the first study, the authors set out to study the behavior of university students with participation in democratic processes and their use of social media. In the last decade, many researchers have studied the impact of social media on youth participation in global public life. Many of them noted the positive impact, suggesting that the use of social media would promote democratic participation, especially among the younger generation. Among the students of Kazakhstan, 284 students took part in this study. Participation in global and democratic processes includes five main elements: voting, political activism, consumer participation, protests, and communication with politicians. Our research has shown that university students in Kazakhstan most often express their support or protest within the framework of consumer participation. Students in Kazakhstan demonstrate a low level of participation in political activism, protests and communication with politicians. Regarding the second work of the authors, the study aims to adapt the Scale of Global Citizenship to the context of Kazakhstan, which is a key step in preparing students for active participation in democratic processes. The study used a cross-sectional design using quantitative methods for data collection and analysis. 374 students participated in the study. Based on the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, as well as reliability calculations, it was found that the Global Citizenship Scale has been successfully adapted for use in Kazakhstan, which confirms its applicability in the country.

This study examines the development of human capital in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Kazakhstan from 2018 to 2022, focusing on financial investments, infrastructure support, faculty qualifications, research output, and student outcomes. Utilizing comprehensive data from official sources, the analysis reveals significant growth in financial commitment to higher education, with substantial increases in expenditures, revenues, and investments in educational infrastructure. The data indicate a diverse and increasingly qualified faculty, though gender imbalances persist at senior academic levels. Research output, as measured by publications indexed in Scopus, has shown consistent growth, reflecting enhanced research productivity. Student performance metrics, including graduation rates and employment outcomes, highlight the effective preparation of graduates for the job market, with rising average salaries and employment rates. Innovation activities within HEIs, such as patent applications and trademark registrations, demonstrate a dynamic but variable landscape. The study identifies key areas for improvement, including the need for sustained investment, policies promoting gender equality in academia, and support for innovation activities. The findings underscore the importance of aligning educational programs with market needs to further improve graduate employability. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and educational leaders to enhance the quality and competitiveness of higher education in Kazakhstan, contributing to the country’s socio-economic development.