The article deals with the current state of foreign investment in the economy of Kazakhstan. The inword of foreign investment plays a significant part in the development of Kazakhstan economy. At the same time, attraction of foreign investments and their effecient use are an objective process. As it is known, the main aim of the state investment policy of our country is to create favorable environment for expanding extrabudgetary sources of financing capital investments and attracting private domestic and foreign investments through further improving the regulatory framework and state support for effective investment projects. Oriented to market relations, the main direction of economic reforms is the development and implementation of the state investment policy aimed at ensuring high rates of economic growth and improving the efficiency of the economy. Under current conditions, to ensure structural reforms in the economy on the basis of the government’s program of action to deepen reforms and in the context of limited domestic sources of financing, the attraction of foreign capital to the economy of the republic becomes extremely important. The article depicts the author’s recommendations on the future increase in foreign direct investment in Kazakhstan and the solutions to these issues.

In this article authors describe importance of foreign investments. Investments play an important role both on macro - and at the micro level. In fact, they define the future of the country in general; the certain subject of managing and are the locomotive in development of economy. Attraction of foreign investments into economy of the republic and their development promote increase in productive potential of her economy; serve as the important instrument of transfer of technical and management skills from abroad. Business, investment activities and state of the economy in general substantially depend on state policy. Private business is not interested in investing the capital in such branches and such projects which do not make rather high profit, but for society and the state they are simply vital (the coal industry, railway transport, roads, agriculture, etc.). The market economy does not solve many other current problems. The state has to take care of all this. A prerogative of the state is also providing appropriate law and order in the country and its national security that in turn, is a basis for development of investment activities. Thus, the economy of any country cannot normally develop, and investments will not be made if the state has not provided the corresponding conditions for this purpose.

The article shows that competitiveness is a driver of national and international economic development. The place of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian federation in the global competitiveness index is shown. It is concluded that in order to increase the level of competitiveness and achieve the level of innovation-oriented economy it is important to strengthen the innovative component. It is noted that the cooperation of countries in the implementation of innovative activities is important, which allows to develop the economy of countries and confront the challenges of globalization. The main directions of the pilot projects of Kazakhstan and Russia are listed. The analysis of innovative activity and structure of the industry in Kazakhstan and Russia is carried out. The volume and structure of production in the system of functioning of the mining and processing industryof Kazakhstan and Russia are presented. The comparative dynamics of nominal and real GDP (gross domestic product) of Kazakhstan and Russia is shown. The article presents the main indicatorsof innovation activity. Problem-target aspects of implementation of innovation activity within economic cooperation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation are developed. The benefits of participants of the innovation process are shown.

The article covers the issue of the state policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of entrepreneurship development. During the years of independence, Kazakhstan’s statehood has achieved certain positive results in the development of the small and medium business sector. In the ratings of international institutions that reflect the promotion of entrepreneurship and the intensification of economic activity, the Republic of Kazakhstan has progressively risen in recent years, which shows a positive assessment by the international community of the reforms being carried out in our country and, which is, certainly, an indicator of the success of the activities held. The article reflects the systematic policy pursued by the republic to reduce the share of state participation in the country’s economy, the implementation of successive steps to transfer state functions to the competitive environment, and the implementation of the principles of Yellow Pages Rule. The article underlines certain competitive advantages of small and medium-sized businesses, as well as the creation by these subjects of favorable conditions for the progressive development of the state economy as a whole, such as: the adaptive properties of these types of business entities; small resource opportunities to start and implement a business; the possibility of high intensity; fuller satisfaction of consumer demand characteristic of the territory; new jobs in a short time; overcoming sectoral and regional monopoly.

The article considers the scientific, theoretical content and practical significance of the digital economy, its advantages and alternative problems, and ways to address them in the light of the Message of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the people of Kazakhstan “New Development Opportunities in the Conditions of the Fourth Industrial Revolution” from January 10, 2018. Referring to dialectical interaction of productive forces and production relations, an attempt is made to scientifically substantiate the deep economic, political and spiritual transformations. A brief overview of industrialization was made, but the main attention was paid to the problems of the 4th industrial revolution, i.e. the so-called Industry 4.0. In particular, the current directions of the digital economy based on computer technology have been dissected; the ways of solving the main tasks set in the President’s Message using cyberphysical systems have been substantiated. The article reflects the need to introduce “smart technology” with the aim of increasing labor productivity, deep processing of agricultural raw materials in the agro-industrial complex, and for the development of transport and logistics infrastructure - large-scale introduction of digital technology, such as blockchain. Special attention deserves the author’s opinion on the training of personnel guaranteeing the implementation of the digital economy.

In a rising competitive environment the effective development of entrepreneurship is closely related to the issue of customer relations, so the emphasis in research should be put on the management instruments concerned with attracting and retaining customers. The article discusses main directions of an enterprise in working with customer segments, the main indicators and appraisal criteria of an enterprise’s development of customer orientation, considering the customer potential social and economic feasibility of customer oriented development strategy in an enterprise. The article provides the analysis of the relationship created throughout the process of strategic management of an enterprise based on customer orientation. The article discusses the management development strategies of an organisation from the position of a customer orientation approach, being one of the most important factors providing the organisation with high level of competitiveness in its business environment. In the context of increasing of intellectual potential, changes are occuring in management and marketing practices of organisations’ operations. The introduction of customer orientation being the factor of increasing the competitiveness of an organisation, as well as labour productivity by growing the customer base, enhances the main goal of commercial organisations - increase in profitability and production volumes. The authors emphasize the benefits of using a client-oriented strategy: Customer Relationship Management (CRM), SMM (Social Media Marketing) technology, retail development through mobile applications (m-commerce), the use of modern interactive technologies in the online trading system. Besides, factors that prevent the widespread use of CRM programs in business were identified.

Food security of Kazakhstan is one of the conditions for ensuring the national security of the country and the formation of an economically strong state. In accordance with the law “On the National Security of the Republic of Kazakhstan”, one of the six types of national security is economic security, part of which, in turn, is food security, providing for the state of protection of the economy, including the agro-industrial complex, under which the state is able to provide physical and economic security, availability to the population of high-quality and safe food products, sufficient to meet the physiological norms of consumption and demographic development stop. The law directly prohibits and establishes responsibility for making decisions and actions that facilitate the importation into the domestic market of goods and services dangerous to the health and life of the population. The law directly prohibits and establishes responsibility for making decisions and actions that facilitate the importation into the domestic market of goods and services hazardous to the health and life of the population. The Global Food Security Index is a global study and accompanying rating of countries in the world in terms of food security. It is produced by the British research company The Economist Intelligence Unit (analytical division of the British magazine Economist) with the support of the American transnational company Dupon. The study has been conducted since 2012 and currently represents the most comprehensive set of indicators of the state of food security in various countries of the world.

This paper is devoted to global business trends and labor economic changes, particularly considering future jobs and skills in condition of contemporary global economy demand. The primary research methodology of this paper is based on conducting the comparative analysis comparative and systematic analyses, causes and consequences analysis, methods of statistic grouping and expert assessment. The given article is a complex and urgent research covering 2015-2020-year period. The primary research methodology of this paper is based on conducting the comparative analysis comparative and systematic analyses, causes and consequences analysis, methods of statistic grouping and expert assessment. In the research results it is described global business trends from globalization impact and changes point of view. In particular, special attention is paid to changes in the labor economics field. It has been conducted the current analysis, as well as forecasting for the 3 nearest years, of jobs and skills needed in the modern global economic space. The results of the research indicate global business trends in terms of impact of globalization and modern economic transformations. Particularly, it has been paid attention to labor economic changes and contemporary employment trends, new emerging roles, changes in ease of recruitment. Based on global business trends study, it has been analyzed skills required in nowadays global economic space. Moreover, it has been developed the future workforce strategy with further recommendations suggested for 2018-2020 is proposed.

Environmental management is the administrative management of environmental protection, which includes organizational structures, planning, responsibilities, methods, procedures, processes and resources designed to develop, implement, analyze and support the environmental policy of an enterprise. The article describes the concept of environmental management, environmental management systems and its goals. The environmental management system is also focused on environmental protection programs. The objectives of the environmental management system reveal the main content of the article. Benefits for enterprises were identified with the implementation of an environmental management system. Methods for implementing environmental management systems for the systematic and effective management of environmental risks and opportunities in enterprises around the world were presented. Environmental monitoring has a crucial role for many enterprises. Environmental monitoring is a verification by state and independent auditing companies to ensure environmental safety. The article discusses its main aspects, the fundamentals of environmental policy, including the nature and extent of the company’s impact on the environment. In order to reduce the impact of production processes on the environment, annual environmental protection measures, resource-saving technologies and international standards were identified and developed, factors that have a positive impact on the environmental environment of the enterprise as a result of the environmental management system functioning were analyzed and evaluated.

The article raises the question of the formation of sustainable development of rural areas as one of the most important strategic goals of state policy. The modern state, actual problems of development of rural territories of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and also opportunities of ensuring sustainable development of rural territories by increase of their investment appeal are considered. As a result of studying the issue of sustainable development of rural areas of Kazakhstan and the factors affecting it, the need for the use of advanced foreign experience in the development of rural regions is defined. The experience of rural development in the European Union, Finland, Sweden, Denmark is studied , a comparative analysis of the regional policy in Kazakhstan is made. In order to address the issues of sustainable development of rural infrastructure in the framework of the program «Employment-2020», it is planned to implement a new direction of development of rural settlements, including the reconstruction and repair of engineering, transport and social infrastructure in rural areas. The experience of developed countries has shown that in conditions of limited budget funds it is necessary to use more actively the experience of investment management and project management of the private sector in order to achieve regional political goals, address issues of social and transport infrastructure, reduce the burden on the budget. The authors concluded that for the sustainable development of rural areas, taking into account the best practices of foreign countries, it is necessary to create favorable conditions for attracting investment in rural areas.

There has been a significant increase in acreage under oilseeds in the recent years in our republic. Growing flax for Kazakhstan has become one of the most important components of agribusiness. The article considers the importance of flax in human life, shows the export of flax, and presents the author’s observations on the volume of flax production on a global scale and in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Natural priorities and peculiarities of production of flax are located in Kostanay region, North and West Kazakhstan. The article includes statistics on acreage for the last years. It should be noted that flax is an environmentally friendly crop, which practically does not require chemical means of protection and fertilizers. Flax crops free the land from radionuclides and heavy metals, leaving a minimal amount of disease and pests. Flax in crop rotation is a thinning crop, which makes it possible to sow any other crop after it is harvested, and if you follow the simple requirements of agricultural technology, you can get a high economic effect. Flax takes a leading place due to its biological characteristics, high profitability. To increase the competitiveness of products from flax, it is necessary to increase the volumes of its production, reduce costs and increase yield. For all its unpretentiousness, flax has its own specific requirements for the care and cultivation of culture. The authors of the article highlighted the main problems in the development of the flax market in Kazakhstan, and also made recommendations on the development of this Kazakhstan market.

This article deals with the problems of airports of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The state, efficiency and economic importance of airports are analyzed. The need to improve the efficiency of the airport, which will lead to the development of tourism and economic development of the country is identified and justified. Due to the quality of services and the availability of well-designed airport infrastructure, the image of the state will be demonstrated. For high-quality service of international passengers should be aimed not only at updating the fleet of civil aviation of the country, but also to the use of advanced information technologies used to simplify the work of airlines and airport staff, advanced and low-cost service. The largest airport in Kazakhstan is the airport of Almaty, which takes the first place in the country in domestic and international passenger and cargo air transportation. The airport has a runway (runway-2), equipped with modern air navigation equipment. The runway, 4,5 kilometers long and 60 meters wide, is capable of receiving all types of aircraft without limitation, both in terms of maximum take-off weight and flight intensity.

The article deals with the essence, problems and prospects of the current state and development of the financial market of the Republic of Kazakhstan, shows the problems of the functioning of the market, as well as the main ways of its recovery, successful development. The questions of factor approach to the analysis, assessment of maturity and efficiency of development of this market in the context of its impact on the overall, global reproduction process in the country at its macro-and meso level of functioning, socio-economic impact and efficiency are considered. The entry of Kazakhstan into the Eurasian Economic Union created the prerequisites for the further development of a common, unified financial market. The liberalization of the financial services market and the subsequent intensification of competition in this market should lead to an increase in the quality and expansion of the range of services provided. Currently, the financial market of Kazakhstan, despite the difficult external economic situation, inadequate internal specifics and development structure, is gradually stabilizing, gaining strength and desired impact, especially in line with the common economic space - the Eurasian Economic Union (Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia). Hence, the primary task, the prerequisite of its successful activity should be the achievement of sustainable economic growth in the country, the intensification of the process of transformation of temporarily free funds of organizations and the population into direct and indirect investments.

Every day the level of attractiveness of blockchain projects is growing. The business community is increasingly investing in digital money, considering ICO as fund raising more and more startups appear. Blockchain technologies are penetrating deeper and deeper into all areas of the financial market. Stock exchanges around the world are looking for opportunities to take advantage of its benefits to reduce costs, increase efficiency, reduce risks and improve the safety. There are different types of blockchains with different degrees of complexity, so the computational algorithms embedded in different instruments always differ. But the general principle is based on a decentralized group of machines capable of verifying transactions. On the global stock market, Nasdaq is leading the movement of the world’s leading stock exchanges to recognize the blockchain. The Australian Stock Exchange expanded the short list of global exchanges introducing blockchain technologies to replace the clearing and settlement system and Clearing House Electronic Sub-Register System (CHESS). In Kazakhstan, the use of blockchain technologies in the financial sector is considered as a priority direction in the framework of the implementation of the «Digital Kazakhstan» State Program. For the widespread introduction of blockchain technologies in the stock market, in our opinion, it is required to solve problems related to scalability, common standards, regulatory and the legislative framework.

In this article, the authors reviewed the current state of the accounting system in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The basic principles of state regulation of accounting and financial reporting at all levels of government, from current laws to the internal policy of enterprises, are disclosed. In tabular form, the adopted legislative acts and internal accounting documents are given and also the scope of their application by enterprises is considered. The authors described in detail the role of various state and public organizations in the regulation of accounting: the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan; National Bank of Kazakhstan; Chambers of Auditors of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Institute of Professional Accountants of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article reviewed briefly accounting systems in different countries, provides 4 global models of accounting systems and a comparative analysis with the Republic of Kazakhstan. In addition, an overview was given on the articles of the main law “On Accounting and Financial Reporting in the Republic of Kazakhstan”. The authors describe the upcoming changes to the Standard Chart of Accounts and indicate completely new accounts introduced in 2019.

The creation of a strong economic basis in the country and stable political conditions for social development are directly dependent on the state of the country’s budget, its formation and distribution. Over the past twenty-five years of market reforms in the republic, a lot of positive work has been done to strengthen the budget, increase the transparency of budgetary policy. Among the most common ways to avoid taxation is an overestimate of the cost of production; excess of labor costs; artificial overstatement of the number of employees (at the expense of part-time employees under fictitious contracts) to conceal the amount of wages in excess of the standardized value; non-use of cash registers, etc. The analysis shows that among the methods of tax evasion dominate the underreporting of sales, overstatement of costs, payment of «black cash» and the export of currency abroad. Along with subjective, there are also objective reasons: the crisis state of the most important branches of the economy, the continuing deterioration of the financial and economic condition of a large part of the audited taxpayers, the imperfection of tax legislation, and so on. In this regard, monitoring violations in the field of tax legislation, as well as analyzing and evaluating the results of control work of fiscal authorities is an actual problem.

The value added tax is a transit for manufacturing companies, so it does not adversely affect their financial condition, provided that they have well-established management and marketing services that provide profitable contracts with suppliers and buyers, study demand and organize production on demand.Moreover, the value-added tax includes mechanisms to stimulate cost-cutting; the smaller the wholesale price, the lower the tax is and, consequently, the selling price, the purchasing power increases, and the turnover increases. Indirect taxes are paid by high-income buyers to a greater extent relative to their content in the prices of their purchases than by low-income buyers, but at the same time, wealthy citizens can additionally get more expensive services, rejecting state-wide, therefore, indirect taxes, with progressive taxes, redistributed through the budget, are the basis for leveling social justice. The value added tax is not the root cause of inflationary processes, but merely reflects the causal essence of the factors provoking it. Thus, the overestimation of cost leads to an increase in the wholesale price, and value-added tax (while its rate remains unchanged), although it increases the price, but at the same time reflects the level of increase in costs. The value added tax, excise taxes and the newly created sales tax are a necessary means of withholding a part of previously never recorded income that has been left out of taxation by any other taxes, especially in the conditions of the emergence of civilized market relations, since unaccounted cash is usually spent on expensive commodities, exclusive works and services.

In the contemporary conditions, insurance companies in line with securing population and legal entities, fulfill the role of investment institutes. Insurance premiums received from insurers are concentrated in reserves of insurance organizations and play quite an evident role in the investment process. An effective placement to the insurance reserves by insurers in the investment assets should become a powerful financial support in the development of national economies. Carrying out investment activity, making a profit from it, insurance companies are largely dependent on the state of affairs in the financial market. This makes it necessary to conduct a fairly rigid state regulation of the investment activities of insurance companies. In this regard, the analysis of state regulation of investment activities of insurance companies is relevant and significant. This article determines, in terms of analysis of financial aspects of insurance companies, the core principles of insurance reserve investment, opportunities and peculiarities of activities by insurance companies as institutional investors; researches public regulation and practical aspects of investment business by insurance companies; reports on the revealed trends of their investment activities and core investment instruments. Trends of investment potential increase are determined on the grounds of research on public regulation of the investment business by the insurance companies, rationale is provided for the need of measures for enhancement of investment activity by insurance companies, which is likely to facilitate attraction of financial resources to the economy and assurance of the economic growth.

The article emphasized the importance of audit of finished goods and defects as bases for determination of products quality as improvement of products quality - one of the forms of competition, demand increase for products and profit increase. The order of carrying out audit of finished goods at the pulp and paper enterprises is considered. Specifics of the audit inspection of quality of finished goods and losses from defect which is carried out together with audit of checking department and laboratories of the organization are disclosed. Here accounting standards of quality of technological documentation, the quality map for production sites, acts of tests, cards of accounting of defect, information of checking departments, economical materials which then mutually compare are applied. Rules of verification of finished goods regarding quality which is made in the interrelations with check of losses from defect consisting of the cost of all finally defective products and expenses on its correction are covered. It is noted that based on results of check the auditor can give an assessment to efficiency of functioning of a system of accounting and control within production economic activity, check correctness of carrying out inventory, a condition of the quality system, to develop the recommendations about control of processes of an exit, reception and storage of finished goods.

International tourism in the context of globalization has become an important component of modern international economic relations and at the current stage of its development is a global phenomenon. Any country that operates on the international tourism market enters into a complex system of competitive relations with other territories, regions, countries, and the role and place of each state in the international tourism market depends on how effectively the tourism policy is organized and implemented. The problem of forming a positive perception of the international tourism brand is of special importance for Kazakhstan, which is in the process of transformation and integration. The creation of an effective international tourism brand for Kazakhstan is an instrument to strengthen the country’s international competitiveness and is an important factor in ensuring the growth of tourism business revenues, the replenishment of the country’s budget, and the improvement of the welfare of its population. The article summarizes the approaches to the definition of concepts that characterize various aspects of branding, considers the points of view presented in the scientific literature regarding the formation of brand constituents of the territory, and proposes a model of the process on forming the country’s international tourism brand.

The author raises questions of assessing the state and quality level of inbound tourism in the Almaty region at the level of scientific and methodological research in the present article. The tendencies of the qualitative development of the tourist business in the region are revealed, the role of the tourist cluster “Almaty - free cultural zone of Kazakhstan” as the main factor in improving the quality of tourist products and services for the development of inbound tourism has been studied. However, it should be noted that, possessing the uniqueness and diversity of natural resources, the tourist product of the region is not sufficiently competitive and loses to foreign counterparts in accessibility, level of service and price of tourist services. Today, tourism in the Almaty region is identified as a strategic development priority. In order to develop tourism in the region, special master plans were developed and implemented on an ongoing basis. Economic factors have a direct impact on the development of the tourist cluster. Their impact on the tourism cluster is mainly due to the fact that the growth of income from inbound tourism has a positive impact on the socio-economic situation of the region, as well as on raising the material level and quality of life of the population. In general, the combination of political and economic factors will have a synergistic effect both on the development of the tourism cluster itself and on the development of related industries, culture, education and innovation.

This article describes the specifics of the process of formation of a new economy in Kazakhstan. The author tried to reveal the specific features of the new economy; to identify factors hindering the formation of a new economy in Kazakhstan; to propose the directions of the state policy on the activation of the process of formation of the new economy in Kazakhstan. The problem of developing an effective model for the development of a new economy and the subsequent transition from an industrial to a new economy is extremely relevant in the current conditions of the economic crisis. The main goal of development is that the state and a larger number of developed financial institutions should be involved in the process of becoming a new economy. In the conditions of the economic crisis, it is necessary to develop a macropolitical position and a macropolitical scenario at the global level aimed at developing a new economy in Kazakhstan in order to gain competitive advantages of the national economy as a whole. In the process of overcoming the crisis, it seems most relevant to develop a model for the development of a new economy in Kazakhstan and its subsequent implementation, which will make it possible to most effectively move to the technological mode of production at an adequate modern stage of development and dynamically move to a qualitatively new level of development.

The article proves the necessity of forming the regional economic policy of Kazakhstan taking into account the global concept of sustainable development of the world economy. In this regard, the content of the main program documents on the territorial development of the country for the years of independence is considered and their positive and contentious aspects are given. The formation and development of agglomerations, as some experts have noted, have both positive and negative consequences. Most authors concentrate their attention only on positive aspects. They include the fact that the concentration of economic and labor potential of nearby regions, cities, municipalities will ensure a more rapid solution of the tasks facing the agglomeration, simplify the migration of population and capital, contribute to the formation of a high degree of integrated economy and territorial integration of all spheres of public life. This leads to an equalization of the living standards of its population and creates an agglomeration effect. However, even here the ecological factor is not taken into account, although studies show that changes in the ecological environment can have a significant negative impact on a number of important sectors of the economy, especially agriculture, and the government will soon face the need to review all agro-politics.

The article is devoted to the role of innovative entrepreneurship in the global transformation of the economy. The main trends in the development of small business in modern conditions are noted, in particular, the development directions of innovative-oriented entrepreneurship are considered on the example of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Innovative entrepreneurship as a special type of economic activity is the main driving force of the innovation process. The author conducts an analysis of market and innovative entrepreneurship. The role of the state, which is the main regulator of innovation activity, is considered. Currently, there is huge competition in the market, in which only the strongest enterprises survive. It is business that carries out innovation activity will be able to survive in this struggle. Innovations help to enter new markets, meet new customer needs. The development of high technologies and the release of new high-tech products, the use of measures for commercial promotion are key factors for sustainable economic growth for most industrialized countries of the world. The intensity of innovation largely determines the level of economic development. An analysis of the development of the economy shows that enterprises and industries as a whole, which are focused on the production of high-tech goods, have become the most profitable at the present time. Innovation activity includes not only the innovation process of the evolutionary transformation of new knowledge into new types of products, technologies and services, but also marketing research of the commodity markets, their consumer qualities, competitive environment, as well as a complex of technological, managerial and organizational-economic measures. The article reveals the main components of innovation activity from the point of view of structural problems of the economy and searches for the main ways of developing innovative entrepreneurship.

Transition from raw materials export model of economic development to the innovation cannot be doubted. Today, the country is far behind the developed and some developing countries in the world on a variety of criteria for innovative development. The Republic of Kazakhstan will be able to become competitive only if the transition to a new model of economic development and the rapid reduction of the backlog. State requires an effective strategy of innovative development, which consists primarily in stimulating the development and commercialization of innovations. The formation of an innovative economy in Kazakhstan is a complexity of economic, social, and political issues. An effective use of research findings and developments in the real economy is most important in terms of Kazakhstan’s successful competitiveness, assurance for high economic growth, improved quality of life, and to help realize other innovative priorities. In these circumstances, innovation management and development are becoming more relevant as the basis for developing Kazakh companies, by way of a defined set of relevant technical, operational, organizational, marketing, and financial operations. In this paper, statistical analysis of indicators of innovative growth in the Republic of Kazakhstan was conducted in comparison with leading developed countries. As the results of the academic research, key factors that have a major influence on innovative activity of the small and medium enterprises were determined

There are serious problems in the development of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) in Kazakhstan. SMEs have not yet received proper development in the country despite the existing government support and development programs. There are a number of obstacles to the objective and subjective order that do not allow to successfully overcome obstacles to SMEs. They slow down the growth rates of SMEs. One of the most difficult problems is the lack of sufficient financial resources for most of the subjects to ensure their own investment and negotiating needs. Banks are forced to transfer the cost of risk to loans by increasing the interest rate on loans due to low taxability of small business. Another factor negatively affecting the development of small business is the imperfection of existing or lack of clear norms in the legislation of the country regulating the activity of small business, which leads to an increase in administrative barriers. Insufficient coordination of the infrastructure for supporting small businesses has led to the fact that at the entrance to the market the entrepreneur incurs great costs, due to the need to establish and maintain relations with all counterparties in the external and internal environment. In the external sphere, these are relations with state bodies, financial and credit organizations, suppliers, consumers and competitors. In the internal - the choice of the type of activity and organizational and legal form; recruitment and staff management; the search for a team of partners and knowledge of the market. Elimination of these barriers will open a wide path for the rapid and effective development of SMEs in Kazakhstan.

In this article the authors consider the issues of the country’s socio-economic development in the context of the «100 Steps» Plan of the Nation. The current state of the country’s economic growth rates and the impact of the current situation in neighboring states on the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan have been studied. The main tools for the development of the country’s economy are state programs for territories development. The main tools for the development of the country’s economy are developed state development programs for territories. The study presents scenarios of the volume of tax (non-tax) and other revenues to the national budget, as well as the state budget indicators, which show the volume of income, expenditure and the size of the possible deficit. Priority directions of expenses from the republican budget, called to improve social and economic development of regions, are determined. The analysis of the distribution of budget funds aimed at implementing capital expenditures for organizations that provide a guaranteed amount of free medical care from the republican budget in the context of regions is made in the artcile. The data of additional costs included in the local budgets in determining the amount of general transfers for the period 2017-2019, funds for supporting private entrepreneurship in the form of subsidizing part of the rate of remuneration, guaranteeing and granting state grants are given. The volume of general transfers for providing employment centers, as well as ensuring productive employment and the development of mass entrepreneurship for 2017-2019 are presented.

The main objective of the cluster policy is to choose a promising model of cluster development and the formation of a new generation of clusters, the basis of which will be centers of innovation and knowledge, universities, technological engineering organizations, but not industrial enterprises. Thus, the features of the functioning of a new generation clusters aimed at the creation of new technologies, the implementation of deep technological modernization and innovative development of industry, as well as training to work in a new industrial technological formation, are characterized by the presence of three organizationally related components: fundamental practices of science-oriented, innovative industry, developing education. The practice of recent years shows that the most dynamically developing regions are those in which industrial clusters have been formed. Clusters represent a kind of symbiosis between differentiation and cooperation, intermediate between the interaction and merger. The stability of cluster formations is determined by the fact that partners produce goods and services, carry out the work essential and irreplaceable for each other. Cluster policy is now becoming one of the main types of regional socio-economic policy. The main aim of this policy is to ensure high rates of economic growth and diversification of the economy by improving the competitiveness of enterprises, suppliers of equipment, components, specialized production and services, research and educational organizations that form territorial production clusters.

The article discusses the challenges and opportunities of commercialization of scientific developments in our republic. The authors studied the domestic market of scientific research and identified the main factors affecting the result of commercialization. The study touched upon a very relevant topic, since the successful commercialization of innovations contributes to the development of innovation and the economy as a whole. A product that has undergone successful commercialization will provide a production or company with a competitive advantage and will benefit not only the seller, but also the buyer, thereby contributing to the improvement of the life of the population, creating favorable conditions for life. The article identifies factors that influence the effective commercialization of innovations, analyzes the existing commercialization models, and provides recommendations for successful commercialization using the tools of project management. During the study, the authors identified key barriers to the commercialization of scientific research and covered various commercialization models. According to the study, government support plays an important role in the commercialization of scientific research. During the study, the authors identified shortcomings in the legal support of the process of commercialization of innovations, which, in turn, hinders the development of commercialization of scientific research. The authors proposed to adapt them in accordance with the conditions of the local market. The results of the study allowed the authors to suggest a series of measures to improve the mechanism for the commercialization of scientific research in the country.

The paper discusses the problems and prospects of high-tech projects in Kazakhstan. The authors investigated the domestic and foreign markets of high-tech projects and identified the main factors contributing to the success and effectiveness of such projects. The study is relevant nowadays, because the high-tech projects ensure the development of national innovative system and entire economy sector. Successfully implemented advanced projects contribute to the development of the innovation system of the country, improving the competitiveness of domestic enterprises and production, thereby improving the standard of living of the population and benefiting society.The aim of the study is to identify factors that influence the success of such projects, as well as the preparation of recommendations for improving the management of advanced projects in Kazakhstan. The authors identified the main dimensions that ensure a positive dynamics of the project’s success in the course of the work. They found the main for dimensions of success and analyzed the processes of knowledge areas that directly affect to high-tech project success. The analysis of domestic and Israeli projects ensure the authors with data about level of success and effectiveness of domestic projects and foreign projects. The results of the study allowed to develop a series of measures to improve the toolkit for managing high-tech projects. The authors identified the main factors that positively affect the dynamics of the successful completion of high-tech projects. As the results of the study showed, timely and complete implementation of planning processes in project management and organizational support from the company bring a positive effect and increase the efficiency of high-tech projects.

In this article the necessity of transition of the Republic of Kazakhstan to formation of «green economy» is given. The prospect of transition to the principles of «green economy» is primarily determined by the fact that our country is rich in natural resources and human potential. This determines both the opportunities and shortcomings of the transition to «green economy». The problems of transition from the «brown (raw material model) economy» to the «green» rails are considered, and the relevance of the introduction of «green» principles in the economy of Kazakhstan is shown. In the proposed article the authors present the view on the problems of formation of «green economy» in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The detailed analysis of the following problems as «weak national innovative system» and «low ecological culture» is carried out, the interrelation of these problems is shown. For a research statistical data provided by the Agency of the Statistic of Kazakhstan Republic are used, the comparative analysis with data of the leading foreign countries of the world is carried out. As a result of the conducted scientific research the authors have submitted the list of the actions necessary for the problems solution. Besides, the actions concerning phisical and legal entities are specified and classification of the action on the economic and social directions is presented. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the authors identified and presented to the consideration of the perspective directions of further development of the «green economy» in Kazakhstan.

Since the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan is one of the main branches of the economy of the republic, the article considers the directions of its state regulation. State regulation of the agro-industrial complex is the main direction of ensuring food security. Thus, the implementation of state, regional programs for the development of the agro-industrial complex, aimed at fulfilling the tasks of ensuring food security, was effective. Food security of Kazakhstan is not ensured if the state does not have a positive impact on the agricultural sector of the country’s economy. Тhe article says, the state regulation of the agro-industrial complex is the sale and processing of agricultural products for raw materials and food, the state’s influence on the production of economic, administrative and legal systems. In addition, the article examines the issues of state regulation of the agro-industrial complex, factors affecting the state regulation of the agro-industrial complex, as well as a number of factors that negatively affect the efficiency of agricultural production. The article analyzes the share of agriculture in GDP of Kazakhstan for the last five years based on thr statistical data. It can be seen that the government subsidy programs for agriculture are aimed at obtaining loans and developing livestock. Meanwhile, despite significant support from the state, the balance of food trade remains negative, as real GDP growth in agriculture indicates that agricultural production cannot significantly increase the share of the economy. The article presents the directions of state regulation aimed at increasing the efficiency of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan.

The article deals with the actual problem in the general system of transformation of the national economy - transformation in agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The analysis of the production of the main types of agricultural products over the past 15-18 years (2000-2018) was carried out from which it follows that for many types of food the level that provides the country with products for rational (medical) standards of nutrition or food security - 80-85% due to domestic production is not achieved. The tendencies of development of agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan, geography of import supplies of agricultural products and food to Kazakhstan are considered. The assessment of foreign trade turnover is given. To solve successfully the problems of food supply to the country, strengthen the material and technical base of agriculture, the construction of livestock farms, processing enterprises and other infrastructure, the need for appropriate investments, which are the economic basis for improving the competitiveness and efficiency of agricultural production of the country, is shown. The authors note that the most important problem of the agricultural sector is the level of state support. Kazakhstan in the conditions of the EAEU and the WTO integrated into the world economic space, and therefore the level of state support of rural agriculture should not be lower than in developed countries. The dynamics of changes in the number and size of agricultural enterprises in Kazakhstan for the period 2000-2018 is presented. The authors note that one of the priorities in the agricultural policy of Kazakhstan is agricultural cooperation. Measures for effective use of land and development of land relations in the Republic are recommended.

Effective water resources management is an important component of the national water (water management) policy, and in the context of the transition to a sustainable water use model, the formation of an adequate management system is a fundamentally important task. At the same time, water management means the function of the impact of a specially organized state system on the socio-ecological and economic system of the basin through a set of measures and levers. Obtaining reliable hydrological information is necessary for conducting water management calculations and balances in order to identify opportunities to meet the demand for water, the emergence of risks in water supply to consumers. Disposable water resources are of interest from the point of view of the possibility of using river flow in the sectors of the economy. Their magnitude is determined by the difference in water resources and mandatory flow costs. Water resources are established taking into account the redistribution by reservoirs of runoff in wet years in dry years, return water, transfer of runoff from other basins, use of underground and other sources. Conducting an in-depth study of the state of operation of irrigation systems and irrigated lands of the country, the main directions of rational use of water resources in irrigated lands and the development of effective water use management in the conditions of the market mechanism will ensure the harmonization of interests of all subjects of water and land relations and the dynamic development of basic industries (water and agriculture) of Kazakhstan. The pace and volume of restoration and reconstruction of irrigation in the general scheme for the integrated use and protection of water resources, the scheme for the integrated use and protection of water resources was adopted proceeding from the strategy for the development of irrigated agriculture and the need to satisfy the population of the republic with food, taking into account economic and material factors.

The purpose of the study is to analyze labor productivity in Kazakhstan in terms of factors that stimulate its increase in determining the competitiveness of the economic sectors. The article summarizes the main theoretical aspects related to labor productivity, analyzes factors affecting labor productivity, as well as the forms of its manifestation. The main reasons for the decrease in labor productivity in the mining industry are disclosed, a comparative analysis of the productivity of the mining industry and the activities of households employing domestic servants and producing goods and services for own consumption is given. The influence of factors of a higher rank, such as human capital, on labor productivity in the long run is shown. Various systems of labor remuneration and their impact on labor productivity and motivation of employees to improve it are examined. It is concluded that today in Kazakhstan there is a low efficiency of tools to increase labor productivity in the mining industry, it is proposed to introduce monitoring of human capital and technical innovations along with changes in wage systems to solve the problem. The problems of labor productivity in the modern economy of Kazakhstan has acquired considerable relevance, since raising the level of productivity is the most important condition for the socio-economic development of society, sustainable economic growth and increasing the competitiveness of the national economy.

The issues of necessity and possibility of using the marketing analysis as the basis for the region’s competitiveness assessment have been studied. The different points of view on the essence and content of the concepts of «region’s competitiveness», «regional marketing», which allowed to draw conclusions about the features of this type of marketing and made it possible to show the relationship of competitiveness and the process of marketing analysis. Marketing activity is considered as one of the main tools to improve it. The authors propose an algorithm for assessing the competitiveness of the region. The study showed that the relationship between the competitiveness of the region and the components of the foundations of its analysis should be based on the identification of the purpose of its achievement,the factors of its provision, the tools of its improvement, the main and additional indicators of its analysis and the results of its provision. In this regard, the factors that ensure the competitiveness of the region, which are the geographical parameters, external and internal conditions for the implementation of business activities of commodity producers of the territory itself are identified. Besides, the authors substantiate the need to identify the studied regions by the main economic, social, demographic and other indicators of development. A number of marketing indicators with respect to specific regions under study are highlighted as an analysis. The level structure of absolute and relative competitive advantages of the territory is determined and the final result - the image improvement is justified.

Today the issue of transfer pricing tax control is becoming increasingly complex, as there is a contradiction between the expansive nature of globalization and local capacity of taxation. The problem of state revenue loss from applying transfer prices in international business transactions definitely requires a solution. The subject of the article is tax monitoring of transfer pricing at which ways of amending tax administration are proposed. Those proposed improvements are designed to increase the budget revenue of Republic of Kazakhstan and based on a proportional combination of both - state and taxpayers interests. The review of Kazakhstan’s Law «On Transfer pricing» № 67-IV dated from July 5, 2008, allows to conclude that this type of tax control is a special type of monitoring which differs from the usual tax audit and requires a special approach in control activities on international business operations. Despite its main objective to prevent state revenue losses caused by international business transactions, the mechanism of regulations has certain drawbacks. Using the empirical method of research, the author conducted a comparative analysis of transfer pricing tax control in Republic of Kazakhstan under the context of international practice. As a result, it was concluded that current legislation and regulations in the field of transfer pricing have shortcomings both in theoretical and practical spheres of their application, which limit the business conditions for foreign economic activity. The author proposes a number of adjustments that promote disputes settling of interests between tax authorities and entities.

In this article the issues of improving accounting for insurance companies are considered according to IFRS-17. The new standard on accounting of contracts for insurance makes cardinal changes to the international order of accounting for insurance contracts. It establishes the principles of recognition, assessment, representation and disclosure of contracts for insurance and replaces IFRS-4 «Contracts of insurance». Nowadays reporting, prepared on the basis of IFRS-4 makes the comparison very difficult for insurance companies for investors. IFRS-17 demands consecutive accounting for all insurance contracts on the basis of model of the ongoing measurements. The model of the ongoing measurements and the sequence will help investors to carry out the analysis, allowing them to easily compare profitability for insurance companies. Separate presentation of results on underwriting activity and financial results will provide greater transparency regarding sources of profit and qualitative characteristics of the reported profit. A higher comparability of the reporting data could stimulate the growth of activity in the field of mergers and acquisitions, raise the level of competition for investment capital and help gain investor confidence. For many insurance companies, the task becomes more complicated because the time horizon of insurance contracts is very long, and the systems used by many companies are somewhat outdated.

E-commerce is a sphere of global sales of goods in the form of a tangible product or service, mainly through the Internet, as well as with the help of a number of other information and telecommunication means and technologies. This article presents the main prerequisites for the formation and development of an electronic trading system in Kazakhstan. Based on the study of foreign practice, the prerequisites for the formation and development of the electronic trading system in Kazakhstan are highlighted. The current state and prospects of development of electronic commerce in Kazakhstan are analyzed in the article. Special attention was paid to the individual instruments of the legal regulation of electronic commerce in the country. Based on international experience and on the main trends in the development of electronic commerce in Kazakhstan, the prerequisites for the formation of the information society and the use of modern Internet technologies were identified. The political and legal prerequisites for the development of e-commerce in Kazakhstan form national and international strategic trends, and the socio-economic conditions are characterized by the general development of the national economy and the willingness of society to receive e-commerce and actively participate in it. Summing up the research, the authors conclude that the main prerequisites for the intensive development of electronic commerce are the development of computer literacy, the development of payment systems and electronic payments, and the development of the country’s financial sector.

This article is devoted to the development of information and communication technologies. The main focus is on the study of anti-corruption issues. Serious corruption violation is bureaucracy and corruption of civil servants. It was noted that the activity of the e-government and introduction of digital technologies in Kazakhstan creates transparency and reduces incentives for bribery on the basis of eliminating personal contact. The scientific works of specialists on problems of anti-corruption activity and information technologies have been studied. The experience of perception of corruption and the development of e-government in foreign countries is presented. Anticorruption policy of Estonia is defined as a state that has advantages in the fight against corruption. The analysis showed that the use of the latest information technologies allowed the Estonian Government to create a database of citizens on the status of tax payments, judicial archives, health indicators, etc. Particular attention was paid to the formation of the «Kazakhstan model of anti-corruption policy». On the example of types of public services, positive factors of e-government activity are analyzed. The most frequently used services are evaluated and identified on the portal of e-government. The study of the difficulties was carried out and proposals were presented on improving the organization of e-government in ensuring the activities of the anti-corruption policy.

The article is devoted to the formation of anti-corruption culture and the fight against economic threats of the republic. This is of great importance for the organization of national security of the country. The need for effective development of state institutions that guarantee the protection of national interests is highlighted. A literature review on the organization of economic and national security was conducted. The main indicators of Kazakhstan’s economic security over the past five years have been determined. The analysis showed that economic growth is mainly focused on the mining sector. The state budget expenditures on social security and targeted assistance have been analyzed. An average per capita income has been estimated, which is gradually increasing. It is justified that low annual inflation stimulates consumer demand of the population. At the same time, some devaluation of the Russian ruble, uncertainty in the development of the world economy and risks present a threat to national security and national economy. Such problems as duplication of functions of state bodies, raw specialization, low competitiveness of the economy are revealed in the article. As recommendations some requirements for improving the technological supply of the economic sectors, reducing import dependence and others are given. It is necessary to focus on improving the implementation of the state policy to protect the society and counter domestic and external threats to Kazakhstan’s national security.

The article focuses on issues related to the need to consider the financial aspects of university management in the context of improving its competitiveness. The author considers the peculiarities of the economic activity of the university while focusing on the concept of “university finances” in the context of enhancing the autonomy of universities, where not only academic freedom is manifested, but also the economic independence of the university is enhanced. There are five main sources of funding for universities that exist in the world: state funding, funds from student tuition fees and other student payments related to their education, charity donations, private contributions to universities for goods and services, and capital investments for private universities. A comparative analysis of state funding of universities in Kazakhstan, Russia, and foreign countries is given. The author demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of financing models of expenditures for education, that are common in the world practice, and explores the most important approaches to financing universities, depending on the form of ownership. The article suggests the structure of the financial mechanism of university management and considers its key elements, such as financial methods, financial leverage, financial instruments, legislature and regulatory support etc. The balance of interests of the university and external stakeholders and the results of the university’s financial relations with the external environment are important preconditions for creating financial mechanism for university management.

The situation in the domestic market of educational services is becoming increasingly tense. Firstly, there is a large number of commercial universities in the education market, which are inferior in terms of prestige to state universities, but due to their mobility they gradually keep their share. Secondly, the imbalance of financing in the economy has led to a sharp overflow of qualified personnel to more well- paid sectors of the economy. Thirdly, Kazakhstan, having signed the Bologna Declaration, has positive and negative sides for the domestic market of educational services. The national economy itself is changing, forcing curricula to adapt to new needs. In order to survive in an increasingly competitive environment, universities are required highly qualified specialists, capable to think creatively and use their knowledge to solve tasks aimed at improving their competitiveness. In a developed market, the competitiveness of a university is determined by its readiness for a continuous innovation process based on the use of existing and generation of new knowledge.The property of knowledge - inseparability from its carrier - creates a sustainable competitive advantage, the formation and preservation of which is one of the main objectives of the strategic management. The purpose of the article is to develop an approach to understanding the importance of the influence of knowledge on competitiveness.