The modern world is characterized by instability, a change in balance sheets and a change in the system of international relations. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Central Asia was at the center of attention of various external forces. The region was at the intersection of interests of both regional and global players. For the world economy, the Central Asian region is interesting, first of all, as a source of raw materials. Oil, gas, coal and metals are currently the most popular exported goods, in turn, agricultural products also provide dynamic growth for last years. During the quarter century independence Central Asian countries has developed in different ways and trajectories. One has made big economic impulse and other one has slow down and face big crises. But all the time period Central Asian countries have common priorities in economy and development because those countries are connected not only by geographical location, but at the same time culturally, mentally even in some cases by economical and political issues. The article is about economic development and tendencies of Central Asian states as whole and separately. The author carries out general and detailed analyses of GDP growth and its structure. On the other hand the investment climate and investment attractiveness of countries are analyzed. It explains countries’ and region’s current economic situation.

The article covers the problem of competitiveness of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The state of competitiveness of the country is analyzed using the data of the global competitiveness index according to the World Economic Forum. The main macroeconomic indicators of Kazakhstan, the size of the subsistence minimum, the dynamics and level of inflation in the country, the main indicators of the external trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan are considered. The analysis of the dynamics of development of small and medium-sized businesses is made. The inflation rate was identified at the end of the year, which confirms that inflation was throughout the year within the boundaries of the target corridor of the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Revealed inflationary expectations were formed under the influence of short-term shock events in the energy and fruit and vegetable markets. The indicators of the aggregate price index of Kazakhstani exports, the price index for imports, and the output indicators of small and medium-sized businesses are analyzed. Indicators in the total number of small and medium-sized businesses, the share of individual entrepreneurs, legal entities of small entrepreneurship, peasant or farm enterprises, legal entities of medium entrepreneurship are given. In conclusion, it was concluded that the economy of Kazakhstan remains extremely dependent on commodity prices, and the raw materials market is volatile and unpredictable. The authors showed that reducing this dependence requires the conservatism of macroeconomic policies to be less dependent on oil price forecasts and flexible enough to react to external shocks optimally, quickly and predictably, including oil prices and the ruble rate against the US dollar.

The main requirements for entrepreneurs of the new generation will be the creation of new breakthrough products, as well as the creation of services and ecosystems around their product, which will allow products and the enterprise as a whole to be more competitive for a long time. The development of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan and welfare of the population is possible through the use of digital technologies. New development trajectory is an essential aspect of global economic growth and plays a major role in increasing productivity, creating new industries, markets and products. An introduction of blockchain technology has become a trend in our time, which poses its new challenges and requires new knowledge. Technologies of the distributed digital registry (blockchain) are the main breakthrough in the field of information technology. Therefore, the blockchain is considered as a technology, a method of recording data, validation, which allows you to systematize, store and keep records of data interaction. Blockchain allows you to increase transparency in this process. It is planned to introduce technology into the activities of the Ministry of Finance. Thanks to financial resources, government support and the desire to create a crypto-oasis, the country has great opportunities to find its niche in the blockchain sphere. Many experts believe that the future of the global financial system are cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology, and its main management system becomes the main task. Therefore, for the government of Kazakhstan there is a need for a center of competence in order to work with blockchain technologies and the cryptocurrency world.

The market of logistics in Kazakhstan is at a stage of formation and has a number of national peculiarities in comparison with the foreign markets. The nature of logistic services is directly connected with management of purchases, supply, storage of freights, goods and materials. Effectively built system of the movement of goods from the place of their transportation to point of delivery to the end user defines optimality of production and marketing processes. In business and production logistic system is designed to cut financial and temporary expenses of the organizations. Logistic management is necessary in the development of market strategy, in management of these processes, in logistics of supply, production, sale and realization. Information prepared by management accounting is necessary for logistic management in adoption of administrative decisions in optimization of expenses. The article reveals aspects of development of a condition of logistics abroad. The experience of Japan, the USA, France, Germany, Russia is considered, recommendations after development of logistics of Kazakhstan are made. The authors have carried out the analysis of definitions of the term “logistics”, foreign experts and specialists have come to a conclusion that it represents broader category, than marketing, many of the main functions of marketing have passed to logistics. One of confirmations is the creation of the logistic structures in a number of firms which have absorbed earlier functioning of division of marketing.

Management of the transport industry is one of the main components of its organizational structure, which largely determines the coherence and efficiency of all links to meet the needs of society in transportation, which determines the relevance of the author’s research. The modern trend of development and improvement of the transport system has become the spread of logistics, logistic management, ie. the whole complex of services for fast and quality delivery of goods, which is reflected in the author’s study. The authors of this article consider the trends in the development of the transport system. It is determined that transport as an industry is of exceptional importance for the use, development and transportation of material resources available in any country. The attention is focused on the laws and features of the transport system. In this article the traditional approaches to the management of material flows in the movement of goods, the level of development of the transport network, which indicates the development of the economy as a whole are studied.. The article explains that the most important conditions for the development and effective functioning of the transport system are its balance and self-sufficiency. The modern model of the logistic organization of commodity circulation is considered. According to the results of the study, appropriate conclusions were drawn.

The article considers communication in the management system as the basis for the process of making managerial decisions. Today one of the directions in the development of a modern organization is the introduction of an information support system for the development of communications. Management of communications is developing at the interface of information technology. At the same time, communication in many ways determines the setting of goals and objectives of the introduction of information technology, and the methodology of implementation in the framework of information technologies provides approaches and methods for solving the tasks. Studies related to the introduction and application of communication methods in information systems in the field of quality to improve the processes of the quality management system are relevant. The aim of the study was the development of theoretical provisions and the development of practical recommendations for the development of communications in the management system of modern organizations based on the use of information technology based on the example of the management system of the National Chamber of Entrepreneurs "Atameken". The main problems in the development of communications and information technologies were identified in the process carried out by the authors of the analysis and recommendations were developed on the improvement of information systems to ensure the adoption of managerial decisions based on the results of this study.

The article considers the possibility of using foresight in strategic planning for the region’s development to predict scientific, technological and economic development based on the materials of Pavlodar region. Pavlodar region is one of Kazakhstan regions, the economy of Pavlodar began to form in the 1940s and needs technological modernization of large and medium-sized enterprises, which will increase the share of raw materials focused on deep processing and high added value production. The article presents evaluation of the current economy, which confirms the preservation of the dominant position of raw materials industries, and the existance of a small producing final products proportion (processing of agricultural products, chemical industry). The article proves that improving the efficiency of functioning and competitiveness in the perspective dictates requirements to organize the process of coherent vision formation for the technological future. In world practice, foresight research technology is used as a tool for forecasting and planning the regional growth prospects. Regional foresight is a method of long-term forecasting of scientific, technological and social development, based on expert surveys in socioeconomic and innovative development of the region. The authors describe the results for the regional foresight study focused on regional priorities of innovative development. The identified priorities of scientific, technological and social development were used in the elaboration of the scenario for the development of Pavlodar region.

The article analyzes foreign and domestic literature, which deals with the issues of studying the mechanism of management and their impact on innovative processes. The authors have identified the main problems of the mechanism for managing innovation processes in entrepreneurship, give recommendations for managing the innovative process in the entrepreneurship of the region. Currently, much attention should be paid to the innovative development of enterprises. Particularly relevant is the study of innovative processes of business in the region. The functioning of innovative processes requires the creation of control mechanisms. These mechanisms allow companies to move to a new level of development: the production of competitive products and services, access to foreign markets. The functioning of innovative processes requires the creation of control mechanisms. These mechanisms allow companies to move to a new level of development: the production of competitive products and services, access to foreign markets. The mechanism for managing the innovation process is the coordination of forms and methods of economic impacts to obtain the desired results. The work systematizes the main elements of the mechanism for managing innovation processes based on domestic and foreign literature. The mechanism of innovation management in entrepreneurship, proposed by the authors, contributes to the solution of the priority tasks and tasks of the region for increasing competitiveness and access to interregional and international markets.

The issue of food security is among the intensively studied problems in Kazakhstan and abroad. The level and quality of food security directly depends on the state of development of agriculture and related sectors of agriculture. Despite the fact that Kazakhstan has achieved a high share of domestic production in certain segments of the food market, for some items there is an excess of the critical level of import dependence. Maintaining food security in Kazakhstan includes an increase in the volume of agricultural raw materials and food, sufficient to meet the needs of the population in basic food products at the expense of domestic production. In this case, an optimal list of products that can be produced in any conjuncture on the world and domestic markets, regardless of the competitive situation in the country, should be given. The article on the materials of the Kyzylorda region assessed the level of food security, identified problems and main directions for ensuring food security in the region. Food security is an integral part of national security. Improving the provision of the population with food is an important socio-economic problem, the solution of which is of paramount importance both for the development of the state and for each specific region.

The article deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of the agricultural labor market and which are reflected in the peculiarities of the formation of the labor market in the agricultural sector. It was said that the balance of labor in the labor market in agriculture is conditioned by supply and demand, and the demand for labor will be reflected in the amount of wages. Demand for labor in the labor market in agriculture was reflected in a combination of factors: a combination of established jobs in the country, its regular production structure, structural changes in the economy, deterioration of the state and other agricultural enterprises and economic factors. It is noted that in the agricultural sector of Atyrau region there is a low level of employment of rural youth, because of the decline in production in the agricultural sector and the reduction in the number of industrial enterprises in rural areas, problems arise with the use of youth labor. However, due to the natural economic peculiarities of the regions of the country, it is still necessary to study the issues of the formation and regulation of the labor market in agriculture, the development of jobs and their effectiveness, the economic foundations and characteristics of small business development that promote employment in agriculture. The article states that many graduates of higher educational institutions do not work in their profession. Vocational training and professional development in the workplace are not the same everywhere, and if there is, they are not organized at the highest level. Unfortunately, many companies say that an expedient employee management system is imperfect.

The article is devoted to one of the difficult problems of agricultural production of the Republic of Kazakhstan - the problems of innovation introduction and the features of innovative development. The low level of innovative research and investment in the agro-industrial sector is characterized by low profitability, a constant shortage of private turnover and the lack of liquid pledged assets. Based on the statistical data, the analysis of the level of innovative activity of business entities of the Republic of Kazakhstan was carried out. As a result of the study of economic literature, the author’s definition of the concept of «innovation activity» is given, as well as the concept of «innovation activity» is considered in narrow and broad senses. The quantitative and qualitative factors, as well as the favorable and unfavorable factors influencing the innovative activity of the business entities of the agrarian sector, are determined. The analysis of quantitative factors, which showed the need to use statistical methods to assess the influence of factors on target parameters is carried out. The analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the main factors shaping the innovative activity of agricultural production is made. The main trends in the innovation component of agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Kazakhstan are identified. Systemic problems that constrain the further development of agricultural science as a factor in increasing the productivity and competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex, including problems of insufficient funding, a shortage of highly qualified young professionals, researchers, support and technical staff, moral and physical infrastructure degradation, undeveloped interaction tools, integration into the world scientific system of the domestic agrarian science are clearly identified.

The political, economic, social and institutional changes taking place in the country objectively created conditions and gave impetus to the revival, establishment and development of integrated agro-industrial formations in the agro-industrial complex. The current state of development of agro-industrial integration is characterized by instability and inconsistency, the lack of an effective organizational and economic mechanism, which determines the timeliness and relevance of this study. This article discusses the theoretical foundations of integrated formations, the distinctive features of modern integrated agro-industrial formations, their classification. The advantages and disadvantages of various organizational and legal forms, such as cooperatives, associations and unions, agrofirms are presented. The authors substantiated that, in order to create integrated structures, the principles of joining, merging agribusiness enterprises are used in order to create a unified rational technological production process, production of products before its implementation. The study of the existing forms of integrated formations, the features of each model of agro-industrial integration suggests that none of them has an absolute advantage over the others. All integration models have their own distinctive features, features of creation and functioning, allowing each of them to realize their organizational and economic potential in certain business conditions. Therefore, the emergence and development of all methods of regulating relations in specific production conditions is natural.

Changing the technological structure of the country's economy is a long-term, capital-intensive process, which includes a strong component of social factors, so the relevant decisions should be based on the results of long-term forecasting and analysis of their possible consequences. Domestic metallurgical companies not only very poorly master new high-tech production, but also gradually lose their existing competitive niches, thereby losing competitive positions. The ongoing restructuring and modernization of the industrial metallurgical complex provides additional opportunities for transformation into innovation-oriented, competitive economic systems. New competitive technologies should emerge and promote research in the field of scientific and technological progress. This article aims to show the trends of scientific and technological development of the metallurgical complex of the country, the state innovation policy, contributing to the development of R & D. It also should be noted that science, as a source of ideas for the scientific and innovative development of the metallurgical complex, should not be a separate element of the system, but should be a key element of each large segment. Science should be integrated into the public sector, the higher education system (laboratories, technology centers at universities), the business sector (research centers of large companies, small science-intensive business). Each of these sectors can become a source of ideas for innovation.

This article deals with the need for the rational use of mineral raw materials in order to increase the scale of mineral processing. The growth of waste products and their accumulation on the surface of the earth, the limited mineral reserves and their irrational use can lead to a shortage of raw materials. In connection with the depletion of rich deposits, the society will be forced to switch to the exploitation of minerals with a poor content of valuable components and with worse geological and geological conditions, which leads to higher prices for products and a decrease in production profitability. That is why the integrated use of mineral resources of Kazakhstan should take one of the priority places in the greening of production. Another important direction in solving the problem under consideration is the further expansion of the scale of construction of various kinds of sewage treatment plants in existing environmentally polluting industries. However, equipping them with sewage and control facilities and devices as an addition to enterprises already in operation cannot be considered a cost-effective approach. To maintain water balance, the protection of small rivers is important. Typically, on the shores of their settlements are rural, livestock farms. This category of rivers includes watercourses ranging in length from 51 to 200 km, they account for over 60 cubic meters. km of water resources of the country. Due to the significant irregularity of the rivers regime, their fullest use is possible when regulating the river flow by reservoirs, which allows increasing available water resources in low-water and dry seasons.

The article is devoted to improving the marketing activities of the “Momento” fitness club based on CRM technologies. To this end, the author recommends a series of activities that have practical significance: segmentation of the clients of the fitness club, mailing automation, voice dialing and SMS-messages, the introduction of loyalty programs. The proposals on the segmentation of the client base into existing clients of the fitness club, sleeping, potential, and cold, are worthy of attention. Different events are offered for each segment. The article provides recommendations on the automation of mailing and voice calls to customers, which will increase sales by fixing all actions of sellers and customers. The author has substantiated in detail and provided examples of test mailings for clients of the fitness club, SMS-messages about the start of actions and reminders about the deadline of actions. The activities of the manager for work with potential consumers of fitness services consider specific actions of the manager at various stages of the lead processing process. To effectively promote the services of the fitness club and stimulate its consumers, various loyalty programs have been proposed: savings, bonus, status and discount. The conditions of the loyalty program for regular customers of the club, which include discounts, gifts, renewal of the subscription, draw some attention. No less interesting marketing ploy are loyalty systems for potential as well as for sleeping clients of a fitness club, which include activities such as free training, additional services, e-mailing, SMS sending, etc.

The article discusses the importance of the formation and development of human potential to achieve the goals of innovative development of the country. For quite a long time in economics, there is an increasing interest in human capabilities, realized in the form of human potential. Innovation processes that occur in all sectors of the economy lead to the formation of an innovative society, the competitiveness of which is determined not so much by tangible assets, as by the level of innovation and intellectual development. The concept of human potential becomes a solid basis for developing programs for the further development of the system of education, science, technology, health care, and the distribution of labor resources. At present, human potential has become the main factor in the development of society, the economy and the state as a whole. It is important not only to know the origins of the emergence and formation of the concept of “human capital”, but also to properly use this valuable resource so that it benefits the national economy. At the state level, it is important to highlight the most priority directions of development and the use of human potential, which will lead to the formation of such an economic development strategy, in the center of which there will be a person with an accumulated stock of knowledge, skills, and innovative ideas. This is especially true for the Kazakh economy, the development of which for the most part is due to the involvement and use of natural resources, while human capital is not always fully used.

In modern economic science, the factor of production based exclusively on knowledge and information has traditionally been called “intellectual capital”. It appeared due to the theory of the post-industrial and information society, because of the processes taking place in the economy, developed countries: increasing the share of the intellectual component of production and informatization of economic processes. Further development of the economic system of society not only led to an increase in the role of the workers in the production process, but also determined their leading position in the process of production of added value. The basis of this process is the ability of “this very manpower” to think and produce specific products - intellectual, as well as, increasing their own knowledge and skills, to competently manage the newest means of production, thus participating in the production of added value. Development of this kind, as well as deepening the analysis of the processes associated with it, led scientists to isolate directly the intellectual functions of the labor force. These, as well as some other factors, among which, as we have already noted, - intellectualization and informatization of the production process, and caused the emergence of a new term - “intellectual capital”.

This article discusses various aspects of the impact of existing employment potential in the economic growth in the activity of enterprises, organizations and institutions. On the basis of the factual materials the relationship and interdependence of human capital with the means and objects of labor is analyzed. In addition, the semantic meanings of the concept as “labor”, “labor resources”, “labor potential”, “human capital”, “labor efficiency” and other categories, which ultimately have a significant impact on the efficiency of their use, are critically analyzed. The article focuses mainly on the fact that economic growth is possible not through the use of means of production and objects of labor, but mainly, and above all, rational and effective use of labor potential in all its manifestations in the sectors of the economy. In this case, the labor potential is considered in relation to the activities of the economic entity and its development strategy. The authors of the article are based on the opinion that the methodological basis for the recognition of the decisive role of labor potential, as well as human capital, is the level of qualification and knowledge of a particular individual. To substantiate the thesis about the impact of effective use of labor potential on economic growth, the authors refer to real examples of economically developed countries such as Singapore, Holland, Hong Kong, Israel, France and others. In these countries, the level of workers is estimated higher than the means of production and technological progress. In conclusion a number of specific recommendations for practical application is given.

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of national legal and regulatory regimes in relation to the admission of foreign insurance capital. The urgency of this problem is caused by the need for Russia and Kazakhstan to fulfill their obligations to the WTO contained in the agreements on the accession of these countries to the World Trade Organization. Provisions from the laws and regulations of a number of countries in the Asia-Pacific region, as well as the Republic of Kazakhstan and Russia are given. Substantiations of the relevance of regulatory structures in this area related to ensuring the financial stability of domestic insurance markets, preventing possible bankruptcy of foreign insurers, withdrawing reinsurance premiums from the national economy and protecting consumers of insurance services are presented. Regulatory requirements of different countries for foreign insurers, differentiated by a variety of positions in terms of capital, work experience in the market, types of insurance, and individual requirements for insurance intermediaries, captive insurers, etc., are given in qualitative and quantitative terms. The emphasis on protectionism in relation to national insurers, which in both Russia and Kazakhstan do not have sufficient international competitiveness compared with the leaders of the international insurance business is important.

The article discusses some aspects of the regional policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The region, as a subnational unit of a country, plays a crucial role in achieving progressive development, re-industrialization. Kazakhstan pays close attention to the issue of regional development. Over the years, two Concepts of regional policy have been implemented in the country, some progress has been achieved. The article emphasizes the multiplicity of the impact of the process of urbanization on the economic development of the state. It is impossible to state unequivocally that a high percentage of urbanization has only a positive effect on the economic development of the state and is directly proportional to the value of the progressive development of the region. The development features of various countries of the world, their national peculiarities, including the possibility of extreme pressure on the resources of urban areas, due to the influx of population, increase the risks, which ultimately affects the Human Development Index indicator, that is, the country's investment attractiveness. The authors analyzed the total number and urban population of the regions, the economically active population and the unemployment rate, as well as the indicator of the gross regional product of subnational units of the country and the proportion of the region in the gross domestic product of the country. The main conclusion of the publication is that in order to successfully implement a regional policy, it is necessary to study the issue of not only increasing urbanization, but also diversifying the regional economies.

In Kazakhstan the usage of innovative financial technologies is considered as a priority direction in the framework of the implementation of "Digital Kazakhstan" State Program. Every day the attraction level of FinTech projects in the area of employment and placing of funds, transfer and conversion operations, and payment systems is growing. The business community is increasingly investing in digital money, alternative payment systems and services, considering ICO as an attraction of financing, there are more and more startups to create fundamentally new trading terminals and platforms. FinTech penetrates deeper and deeper into all areas of the financial market. Financial institutions around the world are looking for taking advantage of new digital technologies to reduce costs, increase efficiency, reduce risk, and improve security. New financial technologies, such as: P2B services, crowdfunding platforms, virtual money systems, alternative payment systems and services provide a wide range of opportunities, both for individuals and businesses to invest their money in those projects that they consider attractive themselves; choose the level of profitability that is most attractive to them; choose the level of risk that they can afford. At the same time, the consumer may stipulate a funding rate acceptable for the development of the project; do not provide collateral; do the minimum reporting and documentation. Based on the analysis of the main innovative financial technologies of the global market, the most promising areas of FinTech development were identified, which will be in demand in the next 5-7 years. At the same time, both advantages and disadvantages of the proposed FinTech trends are objectively indicated.

Most economic relations in a market economy are closely related to loans, credit relations. Acting business entities have a shortage of own funds, which in turn leads to dependence on credit from a commercial bank. The article deals primarily with issues related to the modern credit system, its interest, especially the speculative content of credit and the ultimate economic interests of today's commercial banks, the particular interest for using a credit. Along with the usurious nature of the loan it is revealed that credit is a means of exploitation. A high interest rate of the loan and the consequences of its inefficient use, leading to a global financial crisis are common. Today's commercial banking and credit relations are compared with the features of Islamic finance instruments. The focus is on the peculiarities of Islamic banks and financing instruments and features that distinguish the Islamic economy from other economic systems, that is, attention is paid to an interest-free economic system. It is also considered that this economic system is currently called “fair” because the roots of political, economic and social thought in the Islamic economy are related to the Hadith of the Koran. The essence of the Islamic economy is based on the values of social, justice and human values, since it is consistent with the principles of Sharia. On the contrary, the Islamic system does not allow borrowing of interest rates, gambling, fraud, coercion, deliberate depreciation of stocks, raising prices for false requests and corruption. The article is based on these values of the Islamic economy.

The successful functioning of entrepreneurial activity to a large extent depends on the level of business competitiveness. Not every company manages to adequately maintain its position in the face of fierce competition. If negative conditions arise that prevent the effective functioning of the business, the question of its reorganization in the form of integration may appear. Speaking about the high dynamics of integration processes in business, it their lack of effectiveness should be noted. This is primarily due to the fact that integration processes are characterized by the complexity of internal mechanisms that require in-depth analytical studies using numerous economic indicators. The modern practice of integration analysis has a general “basic” model of a system of indicators, which, however, cannot be considered sufficient for any variants of integration processes. Each option has its own characteristics and requires a special methodological approach. When deciding on the feasibility of integrating a business, it is first necessary to base on economic calculations. Expanding the possibilities of building and using the system of economic indicators of integration processes is possible in the conditions of digitalization of the economy. Digital business transformation will allow forming new business models, including models of the effectiveness of integration processes in entrepreneurship. Improving the formation of a comprehensive system of indicators will make it possible to give a real assessment of the economic efficiency of integration processes and, consequently, make more accurate and correct management decisions when choosing a business integration option.

The authors consider the theoretical and conceptual basis of the formation, development and management of the financial strategy of commercial banks, as banks operating in a competitive environment and unstable foreign exchange and financial market need to constantly improve the financial strategy. The article considers the bank strategy as a conceptual basis of its activities, which determines the priority goals and objectives, and ways to achieve them .The strategy of the bank serves as a reference point for making key decisions concerning future markets, products, organizational structure, profitability and risk profile for the bank managers at all levels of its activity, i.e. it is the basis of the whole system of bank management. The article also notes that the modern management of the bank is a combination of strategic and operational management, in which strategic management is a process of determining the goals of the organization and the decision on what to do to achieve them and operational management determines how to act to achieve the goals. Making conclusions, it can be noted that for the successful work of the bank it is important to create a policy that would allow to determine the direction of the use of shareholders 'and depositors' funds, to regulate the composition and volume of deposit, credit, stock portfolio, to predict and overcome risks, as well as to identify the circumstances under which it isadvisable to carry out certain operations.

The program of development of the digital economy in Kazakhstan determines the main directions of the state policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the formation of a digital (electronic) economy, in order to comply with national interests and implement national priorities. At the same time, the absence of physical boundaries in the digital space opens up access to a substantial array of such data to numerous participants in the global economic space. The development of national programs for the new-generation economy, including the issues related to the development and introduction of technologies, the analysis of “big data” and forecasting, the introduction of new management methods, becomes a task of strategic importance not only in the context of the socio-economic well-being of states, but also as a condition for maintaining sovereignty on the background globalization and implementation of digital development programs by other global market participants. Earlier in Kazakhstan, the Bolashak international education program was initiated and the formation of an “electronic government” began. The foundation for the digital transformation of the economy of Kazakhstan, became the state program "Information Kazakhstan-2020". It contributed to the development of the transition to the information society, the improvement of public administration, the creation of institutions of an “open and mobile government”, the growth of accessibility of the information infrastructure not only for corporate structures, but also for citizens of the country. Under these conditions, issues of updating the role of accounting in the system of information support for managing sustainable economic development processes, changing its substantive, methodological and conceptual frameworks influenced by the technological capabilities of digitalization and content requirements are of particular importance.

Lending is the main activity of any commercial bank, as it provides the bulk of the bank's income. Commercial banks shall independently organize and carry out credit policies. The Kazakhstan market of bank retail lending has been actively developing relatively recently. Lending by the bank to individual borrowers follows not only from the need to accumulate temporarily free funds of the population, but also has great social importance. Retail lending helps to meet the needs of the population in durable goods, various services, various life situations, etc. The increase in the market share of retail lending is explained by the fact that banks have started to actively apply various programs of retail and mortgage lending. On the other hand, it is noticeable that the attitude of individuals to lending has changed. The population takes loans not only to finance the most necessary goods, but also goods for entertainment, education, etc. The tightening of lending conditions amid recent devaluations is a constraint on the development of retail lending. Commercial banks are trying to be more careful in the process of issuing a loan. In the context of the decline in the solvency of the population, high real estate prices, the decline in the purchasing power of the national currency, commercial banks face another serious problem. These are problems with loans. Naturally, under such conditions, the volume of overdue loans is growing. This applies to both legal entities and individuals. In this period, commercial banks are willing to go for debt restructuring, refinancing and etc.

The publication of the 12th volume edition of the previously unpublished works of Mustafa Shokay, in our opinion, will significantly enrich the history of economic thought in Kazakhstan. In his socio-political activity and analytical researches, he, one of the founders of Alash movement and the leader of the Kazakh opposition to the Soviet government outside the USSR, paid considerable attention to the socio-economic processes that took place in that period in the Soviet Union in general and in Kazakhstan and the republics of Central Asia in particular. The focus of Mustafa Shokay’s research has always been socio-economic problems associated with socio-economic reforms to transfer the economy of the former tsarist empire in connection with the coming to power of the Bolshevik party to power, the socialist rails in the 20-30s. During the period of these transformations in the period in question, the Soviet Union had significant negative consequences, resulted in the deaths of millions of people and a significant deterioration in the welfare of the majority of the country's population. These problems were particularly acute during the period of collectivization of peasant farms, and especially in Kazakhstan and the Turkestan region. These negative socio-economic processes that served as a pretext for so close attention of the tireless fighter for justice and independence of the Kazakh people and the entire Turkic world. In the presented article numerous scientific and journalistic work of the researcher has been reviewed. In his materials, the author, on the basis of a critical analysis, assesses the process of collectivization at its various stages in the Soviet Union as a whole, in the republics of Central Asia and in Kazakhstan, in particular.

The article describes the main features of the development of the tourism industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The statistical analysis of the dynamics of domestic and outbound tourism, as well as tourist flows in 2014-2018 was carried out. The types of resort areas in the Republic of Kazakhstan are investigated. The features of tourism as a service sector are highlighted, the influence of socio-economic aspects on the development of tourism in the Republic of Kazakhstan is studied. For the hospitality and tourism industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the creation of tourist and recreational clusters is a crucial problem. According to this Concept of Tourism development in the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2020, five regions of the country are identified in which it is planned to develop tourism clusters on the international model Astana and Akmola region, Almaty, East Kazakhstan, South Kazakhstan and Mangystau region.The main goal of the state policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of tourism today is the creation of a highly efficient and competitive tourist cluster in the country, which will provide many opportunities to meet the needs of both Kazakhstani and foreign tourists. The tourism industry has a stronger multiplier effect and has a more significant positive side effect than most other economic sectors. Therefore, most of the countries of near and far abroad have chosen tourism as a means for generating and accelerating economic development, improving the country's currency situation, and strengthening the tourism infrastructure.

The article considers the prospects of development of tourist potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is noted that the business tourism sector is currently on a stable trajectory of its development. The authors use the method of analysis and processing of statistical indicators with further calculation of the coefficient of variation, which shows the degree of variability of the indicator studied to carry out qualitative assessment of tourism potential essence. As a recommendation for the tourism development in the RK, the authors note the need to develop a system of state regulation and support for tourism activities. The complex implementation of the planned activities will contribute to the influx of foreign tourists into the Republic of Kazakhstan, lead to the strengthening of the material and technical base of tourism, the diversification and geography of touristic routes, have a stimulating effect on other sectors, and will make a significant contribution to the structural reorganization of the regional economy. Macroeconomic and political stability in Kazakhstan, hosting world-scale events, gives a powerful impetus to further business cooperation. Building a competent strategy taking into account world practices and experience, will make tourism a profitable component of the economy.

The considerable part of the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan consists of nature resources, which can be used in economic purposes through the development of active travel. However, travel companies of Kazakhstan do not use such travel in their work due to the lack of qualitative tourism instructors. During the Soviet period of development of Kazakhstan, a network of schools and training courses for tourism instructors from the republican level to urban and regional tourism clubs were developed and effectively operated. It was funded by trade unions. Currently, such centralized funding is not available, so a very topical issue is finding an alternative system for training tourism instructors. The practice of training tourism instructors, taking into account big experience of the Soviet times, has been accumulated at “Turan” University since 1992. In 2012, the university set a goal to develop an alternative system for training tourism instructors from among university students as part of the curriculum for the “Tourism” specialty. Studies conducted at the Research Institute of Tourism of “Turan” University showed that the most suitable contingent for the successful preparation of tourism instructors are university students of “Tourism” faculty. Summing up the intermediate results of the experiment conducted at “Turan” University, it should be noted that the learning process of future instructors made it possible to work out the technology of theoretical and practical classes with training trips.

Currently, in Kazakhstan, in close cooperation with history, geography, ethnography toponymy develops. This is due to the fact that some place names persistently preserve archaisms and dialectics. Toponymy is the science of geographical names. Studying the terminology of toponymy, it can be noted that etymology deals with the origin of the geographical name. Unfortunately, the Kazakhstani etiology of the names of the peaks, passes and glaciers of Ile Alatau is still far from a complete clarification not only of the origin of the names, but also of the conditions and reasons for their emergence. At least, today in Kazakhstan there is no fundamental scientific work on this subject, but there are scattered monographs of a number of scientists who reveal the origin of the individual names of toponyms in Ile Alatau. In our opinion, for the study of mountain toponyms and the notion of toponymic landscape Ile Alatau, it is necessary to develop their classification taking into account certain groups of features (criteria). Such an approach to the classification of mountain toponyms does not contradict a number of signs used by the well-known specialist in toponymy, doctor of geographical sciences, E.M. Pospelov for toponymy tourism. It is important to use the Ile Alatau toponymic indicator terms for research. The article is devoted not only to the problems of mountain toponymy of Ile Alatau, but also to their solution.

This article discusses theoretical aspects of the regional integration concept in terms of functionalism, neofunctionalism, liberal intergovernmentalism. Functionalism emphasizes the special role of international agencies in the implementation of regional integration. The state transfers some of its authorities to the agencies. Neofunctionalists based on the ideas of their predecessors argue that the state is not the only one actor that influences integration. The social elite is also involved in this process. Liberal intergovernmentalism considers national interests and economic benefits as the basis for regional integration. Based on liberal intergovernmentalism concept on the primacy of economic benefits, an attempt is made in this article to understand potetntial of Chinese initiative, the Silk Road Economic Belt, for economic cooperation and integration between the participating countries. The Belt includes such principles as economic development through infrastructure investments, strengthening of China’s interdependence with the countries of the region, focusing on Asia in the frame of “neighborhood diplomacy”. Steady trade growth between the largest economic partners Europe and China provides favorable conditions for development of the Belt. The effect of this initiative on creation and distribution of trade flows would bring economic benefits for the participating countries, while refusal to participate can result in trade discrimination. It is proposed to consider the Belt as an integrating initiative with great economic potential for the region. In future, China’s position on the global market as megatrader will only increase.

The purpose of the article is to consider the possibilities of technological modernization in the conditions of cluster development. The article discusses new trends in the development of innovative and technological development of the economy, due to the modernization process. In the modern world, the development paradigm is largely shaped by global technological change. The article deals with the issues of overcoming technical backwardness, ensuring faster rates of economic growth, modernization of economic systems. In formulating the policy of technological modernization in Kazakhstan, it is recommended to take into account the possibilities associated with the relocation of R & D centers, research centers of resource industries and high technologies, the arrival of non-oil TNCs in the country, the use of “raw materials for technology” schemes, R & D outsourcing. The article highlights the modernization and its connection with technological processes. It substantiates the need for structural and technological modernization, as well as targeted diversification based on the implementation of the innovation strategy. In this regard, we propose a model of technological modernization, which covers all areas for the transition to a higher economic structure. In the conditions of the fourth industrial revolution, technological modernization has an important role. In such conditions, the role of technological modernization as a catalyst for scientific and technological progress and a driver of social development is increasing. Technological modernization and country's transition to the path of sustainable development in modern conditions depend on the rate of change in the structure of the entire economy. The author describes the main classes of technology, identifies the main indicators that determine the state of resources and environments of technological modernization. The article offers models of technological modernization and ways of its application.

The development of economic systems, through constant transformation, has led to the dominance of the service industries, and the processes of digitalization of production and provision of services only accelerate this process, making their own adjustments. Kazakhstan is not an exception, and the desire of our state to comply with transformational changes is justified by general global trends. This study discusses the problems and prospects of service industries that arise in the digitalization process. Service industries related to the "economy of the future" in terms of digitalization are revealed. By analyzing the statistical data of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period from 2010 to 2017, the dynamics of the service sector and the contribution of education, health care, professional and scientific services, information and communication, transport, logistics and warehousing to them were investigated. Analyzed indicators of the development of communications infrastructure, the Internet and e-commerce. Using the method of graphical interpretation, the dynamics of changes in the volumes of auxiliary transport activities and the number of warehouses were analyzed. The results tell us that it is necessary to stimulate the service industries of education, science, professional activity, health care, transport, logistics, warehousing, infocommunications, e-commerce. The problems of low indicators of the costs of stimulating innovation and R & D in the field of information technology and the provision of computers for the population have also been identified. Thus, it can be said that the formation of the economy of the future is a social task that must be carried out jointly with the activation and stimulation of business processes and human capital, as well as through competent government intervention.

Establishing of innovative economy in Kazakhstan, its transition to "digitalization" requires activation of innovative processes. World experience proves that the small and medium-sized business sector plays an important role. In this work the analysis of modern condition of innovative small and medium business in the whole of Kazakhstan and regional perspective was made. The tendency to the growth of the level of activity in innovation in small businesses on the background of reduction of this indicator medium-sized business is shown. As a result of the comparative analysis of innovative activity of the enterprises of Kazakhstan the low level in comparison with foreign countries is revealed. The final part of the work concludes the problems and factors, constraints on the growth of innovative small and medium-sized businesses in Kazakhstan. Key among these are: financial constraints, low innovative potential of businesses, absence of a separate law on state support of small business in Kazakhstan. Therefore, the authors propose some recommendations on improvement of mechanisms of management of innovative activity of subjects of small and business medium-sized businesses. Such measures, in particular, according to the authors, are building a scheme of sustainable partnership of science and business based on reciprocal motion of applications of innovatively active enterprises and universities with scientific organizations, increasing entrepreneurs' awareness of innovative projects and increasing the openness of information about innovative grants approved by innovative projects and programs.

The article analyzes the development of views on the concept of human capital, its place in the development of socio-economic relations, and also considers the basic postulates underlying the modern understanding of this category. The evolution of the scientific views of foreign and domestic economists on the concept of human capital is considered. The increased interest of researchers in the economic category “human capital” is due, on the one hand, to the general pattern of science development, within which the scientific community focuses on the study of human problems, and on the other hand, recognizes that the development of an individual’s creative and professional qualities is a determining factor in competitiveness and sustainable economic growth. It is the concept of human capital that allows us to explore in more detail such key issues as human development, the role of educational services and the system of training human resources in social reproduction. The concept under consideration provides an opportunity to determine the appropriateness of investment investments associated with the formation and location of a workplace depending on the level of promising income streams, since a person is viewed as an effective source of economic growth.

The article explores the mechanism of public-private partnership in agriculture, where the subjects (state and business) through various forms of partnership, use of methods (forecasting, strategic planning, programming, quoting, investment, crediting, insurance, tariff and customs regulation) and instruments (prices, taxes, bank interest, exchange rates) affect the development of agricultural sectors, thus having a multiplying effect on the development of the whole economy of the country, contribute to the growth of competitive products and its promotion to national and world markets. The purpose of this article is to develop methodological and organizational approaches for the application of the public-private partnership mechanism in agriculture. The objectives of the article: to investigate the main reasons constraining the development of public-private partnership in agriculture, to study the existing and emerging forms and models of agrarian public-private partnership in Kazakhstan, to offer methods for assessing the effectiveness of a particular form of public-private partnership in the agricultural sector. The article identifies problems constraining the development of public-private partnerships in this industry, studies existing and emerging new forms and models of public-private partnership in the agricultural sector of Kazakhstan, defines the method of economic justification and coordination of interests of participants in public-private partnership with a proposal for calculating the effectiveness of a project implemented by public-private partnership.

This article discusses a solution to the problems of economic development, the capacity for innovative development facing the economy, including agriculture. The transition to a new stage of qualitative development will help solve the problems of accelerated economic development, replenishing the domestic market with high-quality domestic products, ensuring the country's food security, and strengthening the competitive advantage of Kazakhstan products both in the domestic and foreign markets. The problems of state support of agrarian sector in the region are examined in realization of the program "Аgrobusiness-2020". At the same time, the successful development of the country's economy is largely determined by the growth and efficiency of agricultural production. The effective development of agriculture will not only affect the potential of natural resources and the welfare of society, but also the situation in Kazakhstan at the present time. The realization of the agrarian food program of the country will require an integrated approach to the development of all sectors of the agro-industrial complex. As a result of the conducted research, the implementation of regional aspects of managing the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex of the East Kazakhstan region is systematized, on the basis of which conclusions are made and recommendations are offered to improve the management of the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex in the region.

This article analyzes the marketing macro-environment of the meat and meat products market in Almaty and Almaty region. The macro-environment of marketing is global and therefore affects both the activities of enterprises and the market situation as a whole. Therefore, it is necessary to begin the analysis of the market with an assessment of the impact of the macro-environment. These factors include social and economic factors, factors of political and legal, information environment, scientific and technological progress, natural and climatic conditions, as well as the cultural factor of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan. By their nature, these forces are not subject to control by market structures, they can only be adapted. Each enterprise of agro-industrial complex independently solves a problem of adaptation, trying to strengthen positive impact and to neutralize or at least to reduce consequences of negative influence. But in order to create a barrier to the forces and adverse factors of the macro-environment, it is necessary to identify the mechanism of their impact, to analyze the consequences of their influence. In the process of research the factors of marketing macro-environment are analyzed and the problems of this market are defined. As a result of the analysis of the marketing macro-environment of the meat and meat products market in Almaty and Almaty region, recommendations for its improvement are suggested.

One of the UNESCO Education Strategy 2014-2021 key areas is internationalization emerging from trends in higher education and penetrating into policy agenda predominantly shaped by volatility of integration processes at global and regional levels. All the burden of the interconnected world is concentrated in the universities’ strategies on greater internationalization, more than this, the most enduring actors of managing the implementation of internationalization strategy are the staff working in universities’ International Offices, which is argued as the case for Kazakhstan: despite its landlocked geographic position the country is in the epicenter of global and regional dynamics. This article provides a review based on existing body of literature dedicated to salient internationalization and globalization themes, interwoven and countervailed, with analysis on how national policy affects or is affected by international or multilateral initiatives and how universities in Kazakhstan cope with challenges of internationalization. Kazakhstan is fighting through its own unique path of transforming higher educational establishments employing Bologna framework as a conceptual model of modernization. However, the pressure of changing higher education landscapes and ever-growing competition makes universities of Kazakhstan to apply the practices that go beyond Bologna action lines. Finally, at institutional level universities need more systematic, comprehensive, sustained managerial approaches to produce impact alongside with outcome pursuing internationalization strategies.

The author made an attempt to analyze the current situation of the innovation potential development in high educational institution in Kazakhstan. According to the Program of innovative development of the RK until 2020 formation of national system of competences and increase in prestige of the Kazakhstan higher education in the international education market, have to become the main criterion of competitiveness of education. In this article the author reviews the place of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the global competitiveness index in “Innovation capability” section from 2013 to 2018, summarizes the approaches to the definition of concepts of innovation potential and its components, the role of high educational institutions in the country’s innovative development studding domestic and foreign researchers works. In addition, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University rank in the World University Rankings and the university’s innovation infrastructure is shown in the article. The present findings confirm that there are quite infrastructure, good indicators of development, and groundwork for research in L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Nonetheless, the author notes existence of several problems and questions as well as suggests solution with using the Triple Helix model. The thesis of the Triple Helix is that the potential for innovation and economic development in a knowledge-based society lies in the more prominent role of the university and in bringing together elements like university, industry and government to create new institutional and social forms of production, transfer and application of knowledge.

Within the framework of the fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), the inevitable restructuring of the usual processes in education is underway, the transition from trivial forms to more progressive, from conservative, encyclopedic-oriented knowledge, to business-oriented, giving skills and competencies. It is necessary to track global trends for a general understanding of the direction in which technological development will take place and how it may affect the field of education, in particular, higher education. Much more interdisciplinary education, research and innovation are required. This article explores the impact of 4IR on higher education and helps determine the development vector in the near future. In the era of the industrial revolution, it is possible to flexibly combine various business models, in the center of which a higher education institution can become a well-structured strategy. The Industrial Revolution allows you to digitize processes and vertically integrates processes throughout an organization. It also fully integrates all internal processes of all stakeholders, this personifies the paradigm shift from “centralized” to “decentralized” production, with the result that universities are no longer just learning, but they are easily integrated into the information network, where there are business partners and students, graduates. In other words, the idea of integrating processes and linking all objects in the economy is emphasized in the 4th industrial revolutionary century.

Asset pricing remains one of the hot topics both in academic literature and real life, as asset prices significantly affect financial markets. Capital Asset Pricing Model is considered to be one of the most important asset pricing models in modern portfolio choice theory. However, Capital Asset Pricing Model is constantly being criticized for its basic unrealistic assumptions (e.g. for being a static model). Therefore, many economists have tried to improve and extend the model, by relaxing some of its restrictive statements. K. Back suggested to split asset pricing theories into two categories: static and dynamic models of asset pricing. This article gives a brief overview of theoretical framework of two dynamic asset pricing models: Intertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model and Consumption based Capital Asset Pricing Model. Intertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model is based on consumption and assumes the hedging of risks of investors. Besides, this model has a number of restrictions such as perfect market, assets are infinitely divisible, investors believe that their decisions do not influence the market price, trades take place in equilibrium, unrestricted borrowing and lending of all assets at the same conditions. Consumption based Capital Asset Pricing Model is an extension of Intertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model with respect to shifting many state variables into a single variable, consumption. The author made a review of academic literature on modern dynamic asset pricing models.

This article studies the processes of introduction of innovative products into the banking sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan, since the current stage of development of the banking system is characterized by a high level of saturation of the market with financial products and services and, as a result, intense competition between credit institutions. In such conditions, a significant advantage is obtained by those credit organizations that are able to develop and implement new technologies, to modernize the product range, that is, to carry out the innovative process. One of the main factors of successful banking activity is the policy of permanent innovation. The possibilities of creating new banking products and introducing innovative services are explored. Stages of development and introduction of banking innovations for commercial banks are determined, including: collection and processing of information on the market, analysis of data on potential needs for new banking products and services; the development of the innovative strategy of the credit organization, the concept of a new product and the technology of its introduction into the banking services market; organization to promote an innovative product (service), its sale to customers. The results of the implementation of innovative products (services) and analysis of the chosen innovation strategy are given. Currently, Kazakhstan banks are successfully introducing Internet banking, mobile banking, wireless technologies, video banking, and bank cards.

This article is devoted to assessing the impact of the education system on the economic competitiveness of the Republic of Kazakhstan. To date, the problem is very relevant, because currently the world economy is undergoing qualitative changes associated with globalization, uneven development, strengthening the struggle between the trends of formation of a unipolar and multipolar world, increasing competition between countries, regions and firms. Currently, the world scientific, technical and socio-economic development is characterized by a radical change in the role of the human factor in the economy and society. The main factor of economic growth determining the future of the country is human capital. As international experience shows, the funds allocated to the education system have a significant impact on the country's economic growth. The organization for economic cooperation and development concluded that if the average training time of the population of a certain state lasts for one year, the country's GDP will increase by 3-6%. The increase in spending on education by 1% will lead to an increase in the state's GDP by 0,35%. In the article the assessment of the impact of the education system on the economic competitiveness of the Republic of Kazakhstan is carried out in accordance with the WEF rankings by level of education and costs of the world countries in 2018 and the statistical compilations of the Statistics Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The assessment results show that in order to have competitive specialists in the country and develop the economy, it is necessary to spend more money on education.

This article examines main aspects of personnel management in universities in conditions of academic freedom. Higher educational institutions, under the influence of changing conditions in the labor market and the market of educational services, are increasingly using the client-oriented approach, as the most rational and situational one. This approach allows to take utter care of meeting the needs of customers and is aimed at building long-term relationships with them. This approach affects all aspects of life of a higher education institution, including corporate culture and image creation. In this regard, the leadership of the university feels the need to encourage a client-centered behavior in staff. To do this, it is necessary to see at the selection stage what kind of person comes to work to the university, eagerness to focus on the needs of employers, students and their parents; to reveal the qualities that correspond to the values and principles of the university. Changes in the sphere of higher education allow to consider the current stage of cooperation with personnel as a new stage, in the context of which new approaches to personnel management in universities will be developed, increased creativity of labor, manifested in the innovative abilities of personnel, in its effective management, self-regulation, and strengthening the tendencies towards teamwork in research and teaching and methodical areas.